Microscopic mechanisms of laser ablation of organic solids in the thermal and stress confinement irradiation regimes

The results of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the mechanisms responsible for material ejection as well as most of the parameters of the ejection process have a strong dependence on the rate of the laser energy deposition. For longer laser pulses, in the regime of thermal confinement, a phase explosion of the overheated material is responsible for the collective material ejection at laser fluences above the ablation threshold. This phase explosion leads to a homogeneous decomposition of the expanding plume into a mixture of liquid droplets and gas phase molecules. The decomposition proceeds through the formation of a transient structure of interconnected liquid clusters and individual molecules and leads to the fast cooling of the ejected plume. For shorter laser pulses, in the regime of stress confinement, a lower threshold fluence for the onset of ablation is observed and attributed to photomechanical effects driven by the relaxation of the laser-induced pressure. Larger and ...

[1]  H. Masuhara,et al.  The 248-nm excimer-laser-ablation mechanism of liquid benzene derivatives: Photochemical formation of benzyl radical leads to ablation , 1998 .

[2]  Tarabay H. Antoun,et al.  Modeling of ablation by photospallation using the computer program PUFF/DFRACT , 1995, Photonics West.

[3]  Robert E. Rudd,et al.  COARSE-GRAINED MOLECULAR DYNAMICS AND THE ATOMIC LIMIT OF FINITE ELEMENTS , 1998 .

[4]  M. Karas,et al.  Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with nitrogen lasers of different pulse widths , 1996 .

[5]  Xianfan Xu,et al.  Explosive phase transformation in excimer laser ablation , 1998 .

[6]  S. Georgiou,et al.  Formation and desorption dynamics of photoproducts in the ablation of van der Waals films of chlorobenzene at 248 nm , 1998 .

[7]  Steven L. Jacques,et al.  Role of tissue optics and pulse duration on tissue effects during high-power laser irradiation. , 1993, Applied optics.

[8]  D. Dlott,et al.  Coherent Raman measurements of polymer thin‐film pressure and temperature during picosecond laser ablation , 1995 .

[9]  Frank K. Tittel,et al.  Mechanism of laser ablation for aqueous media irradiated under confined‐stress conditions , 1995 .

[10]  Costas P. Grigoropoulos,et al.  Phase-change phenomena and acoustic transient generation in the pulsed laser induced ablation of absorbing liquids , 1998 .

[11]  L. Zhigilei,et al.  Velocity distributions of analyte molecules in matrix-assisted laser desorption from computer simulations , 1998 .

[12]  W. Ens,et al.  Laser-pulse ejection of organic molecules from a matrix : lessons from fast-ion-induced ejection , 1991 .

[13]  M Karas,et al.  Ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization: singly charged molecular ions are the lucky survivors. , 2000, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[14]  R. Zenobi,et al.  Laser-induced molecular desorption and particle ejection from organic films , 1999 .

[15]  N. Nishioka,et al.  The thermodynamic response of soft biological tissues to pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[16]  R. Srinivasan,et al.  Laser ablation of organic polymers: Microscopic models for photochemical and thermal processes , 1985 .

[17]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MODEL FOR LASER ABLATION AND DESORPTION OF ORGANIC SOLIDS , 1997 .

[18]  F. Hillenkamp,et al.  Influence of the sample temperature on the desorption of matrix molecules and ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization , 1998 .

[19]  S. Hankin,et al.  MICROSCOPIC CLUSTER FORMATION DURING THE LASER DESORPTION OF CHRYSENE-D12 , 1999 .

[20]  M. Niemz.  Laser-Tissue Interactions , 1996 .

[21]  D. Allwood,et al.  UV Optical Absorption of Matrices Used for Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization , 1996 .

[22]  Klaus Dreisewerd,et al.  Influence of the laser intensity and spot size on the desorption of molecules and ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a uniform beam profile , 1995 .

[23]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  Microscopic simulation of short-pulse laser damage of melanin particles , 1998, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[24]  B. Garrison,et al.  Pressure Waves in Microscopic Simulations of Laser Ablation Leonid , 1998 .

[25]  Michael Karas,et al.  The initial ion velocity and its dependence on matrix, analyte and preparation method in ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization , 1999 .

[26]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  Mechanisms of laser ablation from molecular dynamics simulations: dependence on the initial temperature and pulse duration , 1999 .

[27]  A. Miotello,et al.  Contribution of vaporization and boiling to thermal-spike sputtering by ions or laser pulses. , 1999, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[28]  A. I. Mikhailin,et al.  Molecular dynamics study of medium-range order in metallic glasses , 1994 .

[29]  P. R. Williams,et al.  On the tensile strength of water under pulsed dynamic stressing , 1999, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[30]  R. Wyatt,et al.  Toward ab Initio Intramolecular Dynamics , 1995 .

[31]  R. Kelly.  On the dual role of the Knudsen layer and unsteady, adiabatic expansion in pulse sputtering phenomena , 1990 .

[32]  I Itzkan,et al.  The thermoelastic basis of short pulsed laser ablation of biological tissue. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  Karlsson,et al.  Molecular-dynamics study of electronic sputtering of large organic molecules. , 1989, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[34]  F. Hillenkamp,et al.  Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization in the OH and CO absorption bands of aliphatic and aromatic matrices: dependence on laser wavelength and temporal beam profile , 1997 .

[35]  Freddy C. Adams,et al.  Laser ionization mass analysis , 1993 .

[36]  L. Zhigilei,et al.  On the threshold behavior in laser ablation of organic solids , 1997 .

[37]  G. Paltauf,et al.  Microcavity dynamics during laser-induced spallation of liquids and gels , 1996 .

[38]  Vasan Venugopalan,et al.  Pulsed laser ablation of tissue: surface vaporization or thermal explosion? , 1995, Photonics West.

[39]  W. Ens,et al.  Methods and Mechanisms for Producing Ions from Large Molecules , 1991 .

[40]  Richard F. Haglund,et al.  Laser ablation and desorption , 1998 .

[41]  P. Demirev,et al.  Matrix-assisted laser desorption with ultra-short laser pulses , 1992 .

[42]  R. Beavis,et al.  Energetics of gramicidin S after UV laser desorption from a ferulic acid matrix , 1991 .

[43]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulation study of the fluence dependence of particle yield and plume composition in laser desorption and ablation of organic solids , 1999 .

[44]  B. Luk’yanchuk,et al.  Imaging of Vapor Plumes Produced by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption: A Plume Sharpening Effect , 1999 .

[45]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  A combined molecular dynamics and finite element method technique applied to laser induced pressure wave propagation , 1999 .

[46]  Vladilen S. Letokhov,et al.  Acoustic wave monitoring during laser ablation of tissue , 1996, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[47]  Holian,et al.  Molecular-dynamics simulations of two-dimensional materials at high strain rates. , 1992, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[48]  J. Sunner,et al.  SIMS spectra of alcohols and the phase explosion model of desorption ionization , 1988 .

[49]  R. L. Webb,et al.  Characterization of Particulates Accompanying Laser Ablation of NaNO3 , 1997 .

[50]  C. Ng,et al.  Large ions: Their vaporization, detection and structural analysis , 1996 .

[51]  Hackjin Kim,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale thermal conduction and vibrational cooling in a crystalline naphthalene cluster , 1991 .

[52]  Ronald S. Dingus,et al.  Grüneisen-stress-induced ablation of biological tissue , 1991, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[53]  Urbassek,et al.  Kinetic study of pulsed desorption flows into vacuum. , 1991, Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

[54]  J. Heitz,et al.  Characterization of particulates accompanying laser ablation of pressed polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) targets , 1999 .

[55]  A. Miotello,et al.  Laser-induced phase explosion: new physical problems when a condensed phase approaches the thermodynamic critical temperature , 1999 .

[56]  J. Etcheverry,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulation of the production of acoustic waves by pulsed laser irradiation , 1999 .

[57]  Leonid V. Zhigilei,et al.  Velocity distributions of molecules ejected in laser ablation , 1997 .

[58]  Huib J. Bakker,et al.  Resonant intermolecular transfer of vibrational energy in liquid water , 1999, Nature.

[59]  Robert E. Johnson,et al.  Molecular Dynamics Study of Vibrational Excitation Dynamics and Desorption in Solid O2 , 1999 .

[60]  B. Chait,et al.  Radial velocity distributions of molecular ions produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization , 1997 .

[61]  Roger Kelly,et al.  Comments on explosive mechanisms of laser sputtering , 1996 .

[62]  I. B. Goldberg,et al.  Spallation model for the high strain rates range , 1998 .

[63]  Savas Georgiou,et al.  A comparative study of the desorption efficiencies in the UV irradiation of molecular van der Waals films above and below the ablation threshold , 1999 .

[64]  Etsuji Ohmura,et al.  Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Laser Ablation of fcc Metal , 1996 .

[65]  J. Elam,et al.  Laser Ablation of Trp-Gly , 1998 .

[66]  Frank K. Tittel,et al.  Laser flash photography of cold cavitation-driven ablation in tissues , 1995, Photonics West.