Games without Frontiers? Questioning the Transnational Social Power of Migrants in Europe

This paper asks whether it is possible to study “elite” professional migrants in Europe with the same concepts and theories being used to explain the incorporation and/or integration of “ethnic” (i.e., non European) migrants in Europe; that is, in terms of their social mobility and social power in their new host countries. While globalisation may in theory make it easier for these professional migrants to transfer their “social capital” to other national contexts, observations of the personal and professional trajectories of European professional migrants in Brussels—particularly their difficulties establishing a true social power in a foreign national—suggests that theorists often overstate their arguments about “global cities” and the decline of the nation-state, at least as far as Europe is concerned. The paper links these empirical concerns with theoretical issues arising from the work of Bourdieu, Mann, Coleman, Castells and Portes, aiming to build a bridge between current work in ethnic and migration studies and core current issues in social theory. Est-il possible d'étudier les mouvements migratoires en Europe des diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur avec les concepts et éléments théoriques dont on se sert pour expliquer l'adaptation ou l'intégration des migrants “ ethniques ” non européens arrivant en Europe, c'est-à-dire en scrutant leur mobilité sociale et leur pouvoir social dans les pays d'accueil? En théorie la globalisation est censée rendre plus aisée le transfert de capital social pour les migrants diplômes. Or l'obervation de trajectoires personnelles et professionnelles à Bruxelles et les difficultés rencontrées pour établir un réel pouvoir social dans un contexte étranger suggerent que les théoriciens surestiment la “ cité globale ” et le déclin de l'État-nation, au moins, en Europe. Ces données empiriques sont mises en relation avec des éléments théoriques empruntés à Bourdieu, Mann, Coleman, Castells et Portes, l'objectif étant d'établir un pont entre les travaux sur les migrations et des questions de fond actuellement centrales en sociologie. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ob Auswanderungen beruflicher Eliten mit den gleichen Konzepten und Theorien analysiert werder können, die für die Einbettung und/oder Integrierung ethnischer Einwanderer (z.B. nicht europäischer) nach Europa herangezogen werder; etwaO im Bereich ihrer sozialen Mobilität und ihrer sozialen Macht in den neuen Gastländern. Während theoretisch die Globalisierung es diesen ”Berufs“-Auswanderen erleichtern müsste, ihr soziales Kapital in den andersartigen nationalen Kontext zu übertragen, zeigen Studien der persönlichen und beruflichen Werdegänge europäischer ”Berufs“-Auswanderer in Brüssel—be-sonders ihre Schwierigkeit eine wirkliche soziale Kraft im Ausland darzustellen—, dass Theoretiker oft ”globale Städte“ und das Ende des Nationalstaates übertreiben, zumindest bezüglich Europa. Dieser Beitrag stellt empirisches Material den theoretischen Ansätzen der Arbeiten von Bourdieu, Mann, Coleman, Castell und Porte gegenüber, mit dem Wunsch eine Brücke zwischen aktuellen Studien zu Ethnik und Auswanderung und laufenden Arbeiten der Sozialtheorie zu bauen.

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