Ground roll attenuation using the S and x‐f‐k transforms

Ground roll, which is characterized by low frequency and high amplitude, is an old seismic data processing problem in land-based seismic acquisition. Common techniques for ground roll attenuation are frequency filtering, f-k or velocity filtering and a type of f-k filtering based on the time-offset windowed Fourier transform. These techniques assume that the seismic signal is stationary. In this study we utilized the S, x-f-k and t-f-k transforms as alternative methods to the Fourier transform. The S transform is a type of time-frequency transform that provides frequency-dependent resolution while maintaining a direct relationship with the Fourier spectrum. Application of a filter based on the S transform to land seismic shot records attenuates ground roll in a time-frequency domain. The t-f-k and x-f-k transforms are approaches to localize the apparent velocity panel of a seismic record in time and offset domains, respectively. These transforms provide a convenient way to define offset or time-varying reject zones on the separate f-k panel at different offsets or times.