Human regulatory T cells and autoimmunity

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) appear to be critical in regulating immune responses to self‐antigens. Treg deficiency is associated with several human autoimmune diseases. Although substantial progress has been made in the study of murine and human Treg, their fundamental mechanism of action remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the phenotype of human natural Treg, their functional mechanism, and their role in autoimmune disease.

[1]  Clare Baecher-Allan,et al.  Loss of Functional Suppression by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[2]  R. Winchester,et al.  Ia determinants on stimulated human T lymphocytes. Occurrence on mitogen- and antigen-activated T cells , 1979, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[3]  S. Stevens,et al.  Dysfunctional Blood and Target Tissue CD4+CD25high Regulatory T Cells in Psoriasis: Mechanism Underlying Unrestrained Pathogenic Effector T Cell Proliferation1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[4]  Infectious Tolerance , 2002, The Journal of Experimental Medicine.

[5]  M. Peakman,et al.  Defective suppressor function in CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells from patients with type 1 diabetes. , 2005, Diabetes.

[6]  F. Sallusto,et al.  Coexpression of CD25 and CD27 identifies FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in inflamed synovia , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[7]  G. Freeman,et al.  CD4+CD25high Regulatory Cells in Human Peripheral Blood1 , 2001, The Journal of Immunology.

[8]  R. Winchester,et al.  Peripheral blood Ia-positive T cells. Increases in certain diseases and after immunization , 1980, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[9]  E. Yunis,et al.  Peripheral human T cells sensitized in mixed leukocyte culture synthesize and express Ia-like antigens , 1978, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[10]  A. Rudensky,et al.  Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3. , 2005, Immunity.

[11]  B. Benacerraf,et al.  Suppressor cells and immunoregulation. , 1984, Annual review of immunology.

[12]  S. Gabriel,et al.  Risk alleles for multiple sclerosis identified by a genomewide study. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  T. Huizinga,et al.  Transient expression of FOXP3 in human activated nonregulatory CD4+ T cells , 2007, European journal of immunology.

[14]  T. Gingeras,et al.  CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[15]  P. J. van den Elsen,et al.  Activated Human T Cells Accomplish MHC Class II Expression Through T Cell-Specific Occupation of Class II Transactivator Promoter III1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[16]  J. Lamb,et al.  Induction of tolerance in influenza virus-immune T lymphocyte clones with synthetic peptides of influenza hemagglutinin , 1983, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[17]  G. Schuler,et al.  Ex Vivo Isolation and Characterization of Cd4+Cd25+ T Cells with Regulatory Properties from Human Blood , 2001, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[18]  H. Ochs,et al.  Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (IPEX), a syndrome of systemic autoimmunity caused by mutations of FOXP3, a critical regulator of T-cell homeostasis , 2003, Current opinion in rheumatology.

[19]  C. Baecher-Allan,et al.  Isolation and functional characterization of regulatory CD25brightCD4+ T cells from the target organ of patients with rheumatoid arthritis , 2003, European journal of immunology.

[20]  A. Saoudi,et al.  Analysis of CD4+CD25+ Cell Population in the Thymus from Myasthenia Gravis Patients , 2003, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[21]  Clare Baecher-Allan,et al.  Inhibition of Human CD4+CD25+high Regulatory T Cell Function1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[22]  Simon C. Potter,et al.  Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls , 2007, Nature.

[23]  D. E. Anderson,et al.  Expansion of autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis is independent of exogenous B7 costimulation. , 1998, Journal of immunology.

[24]  Infectious tolerance: human CD25(+) regulatory T cells convey suppressor activity to conventional CD4(+) T helper cells. , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[25]  R. Zinkernagel.  On ‘reactivity’ versus ‘tolerance’ , 2004, Immunology and cell biology.

[26]  G. Schuler,et al.  Human CD4+CD25+ Regulatory, Contact-dependent T Cells Induce Interleukin 10–producing, Contact-independent Type 1-like Regulatory T Cells , 2002, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[27]  C. Baecher-Allan,et al.  Human regulatory T cells and their role in autoimmune disease , 2006, Immunological reviews.

[28]  W. Selby,et al.  Expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors discriminates between human regulatory and activated T cells , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[29]  A. Lanzavecchia,et al.  T cells can present antigens such as HIV gp120 targeted to their own surface molecules , 1988, Nature.