DTI parameter optimization at 3.0 T: Potential application in entire normal human brain mapping and multiple sclerosis research

of-fit) and vector maps (principal vector, coherence) that can provide additional contrast mechanisms to those of conventional MRI.The central image is an overlay of the mean diffusivity and the FA modulated principal vector. The directional color map is also shown in addition to the tessellated tensor icosahedral encoding scheme. Notice the corpus callosum (red: right-to-left), fornix (green: anteriorposterior) and the cortico-spinal track (blue: inferior-to-superior).

[1]  Roland Bammer,et al.  Diffusion imaging in multiple sclerosis. , 2002, Neuroimaging clinics of North America.

[2]  G. Johnson,et al.  Microvascular Abnormality in Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Perfusion Mr Imaging Findings in Normal-appearing White Matter , 2003 .

[3]  John H. Gilmore,et al.  3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in newborns , 2004, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

[4]  John Russell,et al.  Dysmyelination Revealed through MRI as Increased Radial (but Unchanged Axial) Diffusion of Water , 2002, NeuroImage.

[5]  P. M. Matthews,et al.  Evidence of early cortical atrophy in MS , 2003, Neurology.

[6]  A. Alexander,et al.  Does fractional anisotropy have better noise immunity characteristics than relative anisotropy in diffusion tensor MRI? An analytical approach , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[7]  A L Alexander,et al.  Analytical computation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors in DT-MRI. , 2001, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[8]  H. Moser,et al.  Imaging cortical association tracts in the human brain using diffusion‐tensor‐based axonal tracking , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  Y. Cohen,et al.  High b‐value q‐space analyzed diffusion‐weighted MRS and MRI in neuronal tissues – a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[10]  J. Nye.  Physical Properties of Crystals: Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices , 1957 .

[11]  P. Boesiger,et al.  SENSE‐DTI at 3 T , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[12]  Takashi Inoue,et al.  Selective reduction of diffusion anisotropy in white matter of Alzheimer disease brains measured by 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging , 2002, Neuroscience Letters.

[13]  V. Wedeen,et al.  Reduction of eddy‐current‐induced distortion in diffusion MRI using a twice‐refocused spin echo , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[14]  F. Duffy,et al.  Early experience alters brain function and structure. , 2004, Pediatrics.

[15]  J. Haueisen,et al.  The Influence of Brain Tissue Anisotropy on Human EEG and MEG , 2002, NeuroImage.

[16]  A. Connelly,et al.  Anisotropic noise propagation in diffusion tensor MRI sampling schemes , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[17]  Thomas L Chenevert,et al.  Clinical applications of diffusion tensor imaging , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[18]  P. Basser,et al.  Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the human brain. , 1996, Radiology.

[19]  William S. Price,et al.  Pulsed-Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool for Studying Translational Diffusion. Part 2. Experimental Aspects , 1999 .

[20]  T E Conturo,et al.  Diffusion MRI: Precision, accuracy and flow effects , 1995, NMR in biomedicine.

[21]  G. Wider,et al.  Self-compensating pulsed magnetic-field gradients for short recovery times , 1994 .

[22]  R M Weisskoff,et al.  Simple measurement of scanner stability for functional NMR imaging of activation in the brain , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[23]  P. Callaghan.  Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy , 1991 .

[24]  Nikos Evangelou,et al.  Quantitative pathological evidence for axonal loss in normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis , 2000, Annals of neurology.

[25]  M. Hedehus,et al.  In vivo mapping of the fast and slow diffusion tensors in human brain , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[26]  H. Kawai,et al.  Optimization of diffusion-tensor MR imaging data acquisition parameters for brain fiber tracking using parallel imaging at 3 T , 2004, European Radiology.

[27]  C. Henriquez,et al.  Magnetic resonance myocardial fiber-orientation mapping with direct histological correlation. , 1998, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[28]  T. A. Carpenter,et al.  Optimised diffusion-weighting for measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in human brain. , 1997, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[29]  Robert Bruce Lindsay,et al.  Physical Properties of Crystals , 1957 .

[30]  D. Sodickson,et al.  A generalized approach to parallel magnetic resonance imaging. , 2001, Medical physics.

[31]  Khader M Hasan,et al.  Computation of the fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps without tensor decoding and diagonalization: Theoretical analysis and validation , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[32]  Hangyi Jiang,et al.  High-Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Brain Stem at 3 T , 2003 .

[33]  N. Papadakis,et al.  Minimal gradient encoding for robust estimation of diffusion anisotropy. , 2000, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[34]  M Cercignani,et al.  Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis , 2001, Neurology.

[35]  M. Kraut,et al.  Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the brain and white matter tractography. , 2002, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[36]  Khader M Hasan,et al.  Reduced Anterior Corpus Callosum White Matter Integrity is Related to Increased Impulsivity and Reduced Discriminability in Cocaine-Dependent Subjects: Diffusion Tensor Imaging , 2005, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[37]  Thomas Netsch,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of image-based distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[38]  M C Bushell,et al.  PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION: The spatial mapping of translational diffusion coefficients by the NMR imaging technique , 1985 .

[39]  Mark H. Sherwood,et al.  Two-dimensional chemical-shift tensor correlation spectroscopy. Analysis of sensitivity and optimal measurement directions , 1990 .

[40]  Michal Neeman,et al.  A simple method for obtaining cross‐term‐free images for diffusion anisotropy studies in NMR microimaging , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[41]  Gareth J. Barker,et al.  A study of the mechanisms of normal-appearing white matter damage in multiple sclerosis using diffusion tensor imaging , 2003, Journal of Neurology.

[42]  Jonathan Taylor,et al.  Statistical mapping analysis of lesion location and neurological disability in multiple sclerosis: application to 452 patient data sets , 2003, NeuroImage.

[43]  A. Anderson.  Theoretical analysis of the effects of noise on diffusion tensor imaging , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[44]  J. E. Tanner,et al.  Spin diffusion measurements : spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient , 1965 .

[45]  D. Tuch.  Q‐ball imaging , 2004, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[46]  D. Parker,et al.  Signal-to-noise efficiency in magnetic resonance imaging. , 1990, Medical physics.

[47]  Denis Le Bihan,et al.  From the diffusion coefficient to the diffusion tensor. , 2002 .

[48]  S. Wakana,et al.  Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy. , 2004, Radiology.

[49]  D. Norris.  The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment , 2001, NMR in biomedicine.

[50]  N G Papadakis,et al.  A comparative study of acquisition schemes for diffusion tensor imaging using MRI. , 1999, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[51]  L. Lotspeich,et al.  White matter structure in autism: preliminary evidence from diffusion tensor imaging , 2004, Biological Psychiatry.

[52]  A. Barkovich,et al.  Malformations of cortical development: high-resolution MR and diffusion tensor imaging of fiber tracts at 3T. , 2005, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[53]  D L Parker,et al.  Comparison of gradient encoding schemes for diffusion‐tensor MRI , 2001, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[54]  B.R. Sajja,et al.  A unified approach for lesion segmentation on MRI of multiple sclerosis , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[55]  M. Horsfield,et al.  Optimal strategies for measuring diffusion in anisotropic systems by magnetic resonance imaging , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[56]  J. Petrella,et al.  Evaluation of white matter anisotropy in Krabbe disease with diffusion tensor MR imaging: initial experience. , 2001, Radiology.

[57]  P A Narayana,et al.  Selective measurement of white matter and gray matter diffusion trace values in normal human brain. , 1998, Medical physics.

[58]  Christos Davatzikos,et al.  A Framework for Callosal Fiber Distribution Analysis , 2002, NeuroImage.

[59]  Pratik Mukherjee,et al.  Single-shot fast spin-echo diffusion tensor imaging of the brain and spine with head and phased array coils at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. , 2004, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[60]  P. Basser.  Relationships between diffusion tensor and q‐space MRI † , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[61]  S Skare,et al.  Condition number as a measure of noise performance of diffusion tensor data acquisition schemes with MRI. , 2000, Journal of magnetic resonance.

[62]  A. Lent,et al.  An introduction to NMR imaging: From the Bloch equation to the imaging equation , 1983, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[63]  M. Esiri,et al.  Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions. , 2004, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[64]  K. Hasan,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging of in vivo and excised rat spinal cord at 7 T with an icosahedral encoding scheme , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[65]  P. Basser,et al.  A simplified method to measure the diffusion tensor from seven MR images , 1998, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[66]  Roland Bammer,et al.  Diffusion tensor imaging using single‐shot SENSE‐EPI , 2002, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[67]  C. Beaulieu,et al.  The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review , 2002, NMR in biomedicine.

[68]  F. Barkhof.  The clinico‐radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis revisited , 2002, Current opinion in neurology.

[69]  Scott T. Grafton,et al.  Automated image registration: I. General methods and intrasubject, intramodality validation. , 1998, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[70]  Denis Le Bihan,et al.  Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI , 2003, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.