Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli

DNA replication in bacteria is controlled at the level of initiation. Bidirectional chromosomal replication from the unique replication origin, oriC, toward the terminus, terC, requires a constant time at a given temperature over a wide range of growth rates, and another constant time period elapses between termination of replication and cell division (C+D rule [16]). Therefore, the initiation of replication is a key step in the bacterial life cycle. The frequency of initiation determines the overall rate of DNA synthesis (and thus the DNA content per cell), and because of the constant time C+D, this rate is directly related to the frequency of cell division, i.e., the generation time (see reference 65 for a recent review). The construction of minichromosomes, i.e., plasmids which contain oriC as their only replication origin (40, 67), has allowed several new analyses: (i) the structure of oriC, (ii) transcription in minichromosomes, (iii) the involvement of defined DNA segments in minichromosome replication, and (iv) the development of an in vitro replication system using oriC templates.

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