Continuously Tunable Acoustic Metasurface for Transmitted Wavefront Modulation

Previously reported acoustic metasurfaces that consist of fixed channels, are untunable to meet the broadband requirement and alterable functionalities. To overcome this limitation, we propose screw-and-nut mechanism of tunability and design a type of continuously tunable acoustic metasurface with unit components of helical cylinders which are screwed into a plate. The spiral channel length can be tuned continuously by the screwed depth; and then a metasurface with continuously tunable acoustic phase at independent pixels is attained. Different distributions of the unit components can shape an arbitrary metasurface profile. We also developed an approximate equivalent medium model to predict the tunability of the unit component. As an example, we present the design details of a circular tunable metasurface for three-dimensional acoustic focusing of different airborne sound sources in a wide frequency region. A sample of the metasurface is manufactured by poly lactic acid (PLA) plastic with the helical cylinders being 3D-printed. Experiments of sound focusing are performed. It is shown that the results of the equivalent medium model, the finite element simulation and the experiments are in a good agreement.

[1]  E. Skudrzyk The foundations of acoustics , 1971 .

[2]  Bin Liang,et al.  Acoustic diode: rectification of acoustic energy flux in one-dimensional systems. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[3]  B. Liang,et al.  An acoustic rectifier. , 2010, Nature materials.

[4]  N. Yu,et al.  Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction , 2011, Science.

[5]  Shulin Sun,et al.  Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. , 2012, Nature materials.

[6]  A. Kildishev,et al.  Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas , 2012, Science.

[7]  Jensen Li,et al.  Extreme acoustic metamaterial by coiling up space. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[8]  Chih-Ming Wang,et al.  High-efficiency broadband anomalous reflection by gradient meta-surfaces. , 2012, Nano letters.

[9]  Yong Li,et al.  Acoustic focusing by coiling up space , 2012 .

[10]  Kan Yao,et al.  Generalized laws of reflection and refraction from transformation optics , 2012, 1202.5829.

[11]  Bin Liang,et al.  Reflected wavefront manipulation based on ultrathin planar acoustic metasurfaces , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[12]  Michael R. Watts,et al.  Large-scale nanophotonic phased array , 2013, Nature.

[13]  N Engheta,et al.  Electronically controlled optical beam-steering by an active phased array of metallic nanoantennas. , 2013, Optics express.

[14]  Bo O. Zhu,et al.  Active impedance metasurface with full 360° reflection phase tuning , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[15]  S. Cummer,et al.  Measurement of a broadband negative index with space-coiling acoustic metamaterials. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[16]  Yong Li,et al.  Extraordinary acoustic transmission through ultrathin acoustic metamaterials by coiling up space , 2013 .

[17]  Yong Li,et al.  Unidirectional acoustic transmission through a prism with near-zero refractive index , 2013 .

[18]  Bin Liang,et al.  Three-dimensional Ultrathin Planar Lenses by Acoustic Metamaterials , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[19]  Ying Wu,et al.  Acoustic rainbow trapping by coiling up space , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[20]  Chiara Daraio,et al.  Acoustic Fresnel lenses with extraordinary transmission , 2014 .

[21]  Erez Hasman,et al.  Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements , 2014, Science.

[22]  Ke Chen,et al.  Dynamic control of electromagnetic wave propagation with the equivalent principle inspired tunable metasurface , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[23]  P. Sheng,et al.  Acoustic metasurface with hybrid resonances. , 2014, Nature materials.

[24]  K. Bertoldi,et al.  Harnessing buckling to design tunable locally resonant acoustic metamaterials. , 2014, Physical review letters.

[25]  Marc Abou Anoma,et al.  Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight , 2014, Nature.

[26]  Yong Li,et al.  Metascreen-Based Acoustic Passive Phased Array , 2015 .

[27]  Guixin Li,et al.  University of Birmingham Continuous control of the nonlinearity phase for harmonic generations , 2015 .

[28]  Sheng Liu,et al.  Phased-array sources based on nonlinear metamaterial nanocavities , 2015, Nature Communications.

[29]  Ying Cheng,et al.  Conversion of sound radiation pattern via gradient acoustic metasurface with space-coiling structure , 2015 .

[30]  A. Arbabi,et al.  Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission. , 2014, Nature nanotechnology.

[31]  Bin Liang,et al.  Acoustic one-way open tunnel by using metasurface , 2015 .

[32]  Y. Cheng,et al.  Ultra-sparse metasurface for high reflection of low-frequency sound based on artificial Mie resonances. , 2015, Nature materials.

[33]  Bin Liang,et al.  Acoustic one-way metasurfaces: Asymmetric Phase Modulation of Sound by Subwavelength Layer , 2016, Scientific reports.

[34]  Ying Wu,et al.  High transmission acoustic focusing by impedance-matched acoustic meta-surfaces , 2016 .

[35]  Houtong Chen,et al.  A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications , 2016, Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society.

[36]  Gengkai Hu,et al.  Tunable Digital Metamaterial for Broadband Vibration Isolation at Low Frequency , 2016, Advanced materials.

[37]  Shape-adaptable hyperlens for acoustic magnifying imaging , 2016 .

[38]  F. Semperlotti,et al.  Anomalous Refraction of Acoustic Guided Waves in Solids with Geometrically Tapered Metasurfaces. , 2016, Physical review letters.

[39]  Tianning Chen,et al.  Broadband unidirectional acoustic cloak based on phase gradient metasurfaces with two flat acoustic lenses , 2016 .

[40]  P. Sheng,et al.  Acoustic metamaterials: From local resonances to broad horizons , 2016, Science Advances.

[41]  Quan Zhang,et al.  Smart three-dimensional lightweight structure triggered from a thin composite sheet via 3D printing technique , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[42]  Ping Sheng,et al.  Optimal sound-absorbing structures , 2016, 1609.09561.

[43]  Chao Tian,et al.  Implementation of dispersion-free slow acoustic wave propagation and phase engineering with helical-structured metamaterials , 2016, Nature Communications.

[44]  Yong Li,et al.  Acoustic metasurface-based perfect absorber with deep subwavelength thickness , 2016 .

[45]  Yong Li,et al.  Acoustic Focusing and Energy Confinement Based on Multilateral Metasurfaces , 2017 .

[46]  Sriram Subramanian,et al.  Metamaterial bricks and quantization of meta-surfaces , 2016, Nature Communications.

[47]  Yong Li,et al.  Broadband acoustic skin cloak based on spiral metasurfaces , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[48]  S. Cummer,et al.  Tunable Asymmetric Transmission via Lossy Acoustic Metasurfaces. , 2017, Physical review letters.

[49]  Zhengyou Liu,et al.  Coding Acoustic Metasurfaces , 2017, Advanced materials.

[50]  Chuanzeng Zhang,et al.  Active tuning of vibration and wave propagation in elastic beams with periodically placed piezoelectric actuator/sensor pairs , 2017 .

[51]  Xuefeng Zhu,et al.  Hollow‐Out Patterning Ultrathin Acoustic Metasurfaces for Multifunctionalities Using Soft fiber/Rigid Bead Networks , 2018, Advanced Functional Materials.