Particle emissions characteristics of different on-road vehicles

Due to the stringent emission standards set worldwide, particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel vehicles have been significantly curtailed in the last decade, and are expected to be reduced even further in the future. This evolution has brought forward two main issues: whether PM emissions should only be regulated for diesel vehicles and whether gasoline powered vehicles can be further neglected from PM emission inventories. This paper addresses these issues comparing the characteristics of particle emissions from a current diesel passenger car, a gasoline one and two small two-wheelers. It is shown that the gasoline car is a negligible source of particle emissions while the two-wheelers may be even more significant particle sources than the diesel car.

[1]  F. Palmgren,et al.  Pronounced Decrease of Ambient Particle Number Emissions from Diesel Traffic in Denmark after Reduction of the Sulphur Content in Diesel Fuel. , 2001 .

[2]  D. Kittelson,et al.  The influence of dilution conditions on diesel exhaust particle size distribution measurements , 1999 .

[3]  W. MacNee,et al.  Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury , 1998 .

[4]  David B. Kittelson,et al.  Exhaust particulate emissions from two port fuel injected spark ignition engines , 1999 .

[5]  D. R. Palke,et al.  The Impact of Catalytic Aftertreatment on Particulate Matter Emissions from Small Motorcycles , 1999 .

[6]  Leonidas Ntziachristos,et al.  Sampling Conditions Effects on Real-Time Particle Measurements from a Light Duty Vehicle , 2000 .

[7]  Lidia Morawska,et al.  Concentrations of submicrometre particles from vehicle emissions near a major road , 2000 .

[8]  Jian Song,et al.  Toxicity and health effects of vehicle emissions in Shanghai , 2000 .

[9]  M. Maricq,et al.  Vehicle Exhaust Particle Size Distributions: A Comparison of Tailpipe and Dilution Tunnel Measurements , 1999 .

[10]  Diane Hall,et al.  Measurement of the Numbers of Emitted Gasoline Particles: Genuine or Artefact? , 2000 .

[11]  Jyrki Ristimäki,et al.  Sampling method for particle measurements of vehicle exhaust , 2001 .

[12]  Jan Czerwinski,et al.  VERT : DIESEL NANO-PARTICULATE EMISSIONS : PROPERTIES AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES , 1998 .

[13]  The Influence of Block Heaters on the Emissions from Gasoline Fueled Cars with Varying Emission Control Technology at Low Ambient Temperatures , 1997 .

[14]  Jaw‐Jou Kang,et al.  Extract of motorcycle exhaust particles induced macrophages apoptosis by calcium-dependent manner. , 2002, Chemical research in toxicology.

[15]  T. Sakai,et al.  O-PM / Emitted Matters Caused by Two-Stroke Engine Oil and Its Reduction , 1999 .

[16]  Richard E. Chase,et al.  GASOLINE VEHICLE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS: COMPARISON OF STEADY STATE, FTP, AND US06 MEASUREMENTS , 1999 .

[17]  M. Maricq,et al.  The effects of the catalytic converter and fuel sulfur level on motor vehicle particulate matter emissions: gasoline vehicles. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[18]  Principal Investigator,et al.  DIESEL AEROSOL SAMPLING METHODOLOGY - CRC E-43 , 2002 .

[19]  Fast and Reliable “in situ” Evaluation of Particles and their Surfaces with Special Reference to Diesel Exhaust , 2000 .