Novel Polymeric Nanomaterial Based on Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Methacryloylamidophenylalanine) for Hypertension Treatment: Properties and Drug Release Characteristics

In this study, a novel polymeric nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized, and it its potential usability in hypertension treatment was demonstrated. For these purposes, a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacryloylamidophenylalanine)-based polymeric nanomaterial (p(HEMPA)) was synthesized using a mini-emulsion polymerization technique. The nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta size analysis. The synthesized p(HEMPA) nanomaterial had a diameter of about 113 nm. Amlodipine-binding studies were optimized by changing the reaction conditions. Under optimum conditions, amlodipine’s maximum adsorption value (Qmax) of the p(HEMPA) nanopolymer was found to be 145.8 mg/g. In vitro controlled drug release rates of amlodipine, bound to the nanopolymer at the optimum conditions, were studied with the dialysis method in a simulated gastrointestinal system with pH values of 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. It was found that 99.5% of amlodipine loaded on the nanomaterial was released at pH 7.4 and 72 h. Even after 72 h, no difference was observed in the release of AML. It can be said that the synthesized nanomaterial is suitable for oral amlodipine release. In conclusion, the synthesized nanomaterial was studied for the first time in the literature as a drug delivery system for use in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, AML–p(HEMPA) nanomaterials may enable less frequent drug uptake, have higher bioavailability, and allow for prolonged release with minimal side effects.

[1]  N. Yavasoglu,et al.  Preparation of a 99mTc-labeled graft polymer and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation , 2021, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry.

[2]  Khushbu,et al.  RSM-CCD optimized microwave assisted synthesis of chitosan and sodium alginate based nanocomposite containing inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin and amlodipine besylate for sustained drug delivery systems , 2021 .

[3]  M. Koland,et al.  Investigation of Polymeric Micellar Nanoparticles of Amlodipine Besylatefor Transdermal Delivery , 2020, Journal of Young Pharmacists.

[4]  C. Rosendorff,et al.  THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM CHANNEL Blockers ON moderate or severe ALBUMINURIA IN DIABETIC, HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials. , 2020, The American journal of medicine.

[5]  Jiang He,et al.  The global epidemiology of hypertension , 2020, Nature Reviews Nephrology.

[6]  Amlodipine , 2019, Reactions Weekly.

[7]  M. Sebaiy,et al.  Molecular modeling, spectrofluorimetric, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis reveal a competitive binding of amlodipine and rosuvastatin to plasma albumin: Insight into drug-drug interaction , 2019, Microchemical Journal.

[8]  H. Heidari,et al.  Magnetic solid phase extraction with carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles coupled to HPLC-UV for the simultaneous determination of losartan, carvedilol, and amlodipine besylate in plasma samples. , 2019, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[9]  C. M. Eischen,et al.  The Role of Inhibition of Apoptosis in Acute Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndrome , 2019, Front. Oncol..

[10]  M. Farouk,et al.  Determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin mixture by different spectrophotometric methods with or without regression equations. , 2019, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[11]  J. Bergler-Klein.  What’s new in the ESC 2018 guidelines for arterial hypertension , 2019, Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.

[12]  S. S. Imam,et al.  Formulation of amlodipine nano lipid carrier: Formulation design, physicochemical and transdermal absorption investigation , 2019, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.

[13]  S. Akgöl,et al.  Mannose based polymeric nanoparticles for lectin separation , 2018, Separation Science and Technology.

[14]  M. Misra,et al.  Development and validation of RP-HPLC and UV-spectrophotometric methods for rapid simultaneous estimation of amlodipine and benazepril in pure and fixed dose combination , 2017 .

[15]  M. Vallet‐Regí,et al.  Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a new carrier methodology in the controlled release of the active components in a polypill , 2017, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[16]  Adil Denizli,et al.  Selective cholesterol adsorption by molecular imprinted polymeric nanospheres and application to GIMS. , 2016, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[17]  A. Rehman,et al.  Polyionic hybrid nano-engineered systems comprising alginate and chitosan for antihypertensive therapeutics. , 2016, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[18]  A. Rehman,et al.  Antihypertensive nano-ceuticales based on chitosan biopolymer: Physico-chemical evaluation and release kinetics. , 2016, Carbohydrate polymers.

[19]  Miriam F. Ayad,et al.  New methods for amlodipine and valsartan native spectrofluorimetric determination, with factors optimization study. , 2015, Talanta.

[20]  M. Volpe,et al.  Calcium Channel Blockers and Hypertension , 2015, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics.

[21]  A. Ibrahim,et al.  Effect of gamma irradiation on drug releasing from nano-bioactive glass , 2015, Drug Delivery and Translational Research.

[22]  Yaping Li,et al.  In vitro and in vivo evaluation of chitosan graft glyceryl monooleate as peroral delivery carrier of enoxaparin. , 2014, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[23]  L. Chu,et al.  Novel intestinal-targeted Ca-alginate-based carrier for pH-responsive protection and release of lactic acid bacteria. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[24]  G. Kanbak,et al.  Effect of kefir and low-dose aspirin on arterial blood pressure measurements and renal apoptosis in unhypertensive rats with 4 weeks salt diet , 2014, Clinical and experimental hypertension.

[25]  Keerti Jain,et al.  Alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles for oral delivery of enoxaparin: in vitro and in vivo assessment. , 2013, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[26]  Kamla Pathak,et al.  Design and development of nanoemulsion drug delivery system of amlodipine besilate for improvement of oral bioavailability , 2011, Drug development and industrial pharmacy.

[27]  Yu-Hsin Lin,et al.  The characteristics, biodistribution and bioavailability of a chitosan-based nanoparticulate system for the oral delivery of heparin. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[28]  A. Denizli,et al.  New generation polymeric nanospheres for catalase immobilization , 2009 .

[29]  A. Denizli,et al.  Selective separation of human serum albumin with copper(II) chelated poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) based nanoparticles. , 2009, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[30]  Shirui Mao,et al.  Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes between chitosan derivatives and enoxaparin. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[31]  A. Denizli,et al.  Affinity separation of immunoglobulin G subclasses on dye attached poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) beads. , 2006, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[32]  B. Youan,et al.  The quest for non-invasive delivery of bioactive macromolecules: a focus on heparins. , 2006, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[33]  M. Shoaib,et al.  Evaluation of drug release kinetics from ibuprofen matrix tablets using HPMC. , 2006, Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[34]  J. Basile.  The Role of Existing and Newer Calcium Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension , 2004, Journal of clinical hypertension.

[35]  A. Wagstaff,et al.  Amlodipine. A reappraisal of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in cardiovascular disease. , 1995 .

[36]  M. Pulat,et al.  5-fluorouracil encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for pH-stimulated drug delivery: evaluation of controlled release kinetics , 2012 .