Pulse leakage railway rail detecting system and detecting method thereof

The invention discloses a detection system of a pulsed magnetic flux leakage rail and a detection method thereof, and belongs to the rail non-destructive test field. The structure of the detection system comprises a sensor module, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, a signal stimulating module, a computer processing module and a coded disc position acquisition module; a U-shaped magnetic yoke coil exerts magnetic field excitation on a tested rail, magnetic force line distribution is generated between the tested rail and a coil magnetic yoke, the surface of the rail cracks, the distribution of the magnetic force line changes due to the existence of cracks near the cracks on the surface of the rail, and generates magnetic flux leakage; and square-wave signals with adjustable frequency are exerted on an exciting coil by the impulse excitation technology so that the magnetic flux leakage situation is applicable to the cracks with different depths. The system and the method perform non-contact type non-destructive test on the rail surface and shallow surface cracks, the device has a simple structure and the system has high reliability.