Tsunami-Induced Forces on Skewed Bridges

AbstractResearch on the influence of tsunamis on bridges has been based almost exclusively on the results of field surveys and of two-dimensional analysis. Although these analyses can provide estimates of forces and moments on the structure, they do not account for three-dimensional (3D) phenomena, such as channelization, or geometric effects, such as bridge skew. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics approach, this work analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamics of a bore-type tsunami loading on a model bridge and shows how the skew angle of the bridge relative to the incoming wave can affect the loading history. The analyses found that, unlike a bridge without skew, (1) the bore impact forces on the skewed deck do not all occur at the same time; (2) the skewed bridge is subjected to a force perpendicular to its abutments, which could lead to unseating; and (3) the skewed bridge is subjected to pitching and spinning moments. These effects combine to lead to increased horizontal reactions in the substru...

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