Hybrid Piezo/Triboelectric‐Driven Self‐Charging Electrochromic Supercapacitor Power Package

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201800069 With the rapid development of portable electronics, wearable sensors, and micro-electromechanical systems, technologies and energy supply for sustainable and maintenance-free operation of the intelligent devices are imperative.[1–3] At present, the mainstream power supply for electronic devices relies on rechargeable batteries, accompanying with some problems such as heavy weight, difficulty to be recycled, potential environmental pollution, and explosion risk.[4] Energy harvesting with nanogenerators (NGs) from ambient environment and regular human motions in low frequency integrated with energy storage devices may offer a safe, efficient, and environment-friendly way to power portable electronics.[5–9] The rapid development of personal electronics imposes a great challenge on sustainable and maintenance-free power supplies. The integration of nanogenerators (NG) and electrochromic supercapacitors (SC) offers a promising solution to efficiently convert mechanical energy to stored electrical energy in a predictable and noticeable manner. In this paper, by integrating hybrid NGs and electrochromic micro-SCs (μ-SCs) array, the authors demonstrate a smart self-charging power package capable of indicating the charging state with color change. The electrochromic μ-SC employs Ag nanowires/NiO as electrode materials, exhibiting high capacitance (3.47 mF cm−2) and stable cycling performance (80.7% for 10000 cycles). The hybrid NG can produce a high output voltage of 150 V and an enhanced output current of 20 μA to satisfy the self-charging requirements. The integrated electrochromic μ-SCs array is capable of self-charging to 3 V to light up a LED under human palm impact. The charging states can be estimated according to the color differences with the naked eye during the self-charging process. Moreover, it is possible to design the planar interdigitated electrodes into different shapes according to user demand. The proposed simple and cost-effective approaches for smart self-charging power package may pave the way for future intelligent, independent and continuous operation of daily electronics. Micro-Supercapacitors

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