Toward Standardization of Millimeter-Wave Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks: Open Challenges and Performance Evaluation

IEEE 802.11bd and 3GPP NR V2X represent the new specifications for next generation vehicular networks, exploiting new communication technologies and new spectrum, such as the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, to improve throughput and reduce latency. In this article, we specifically focus on the challenges that mmWaves introduce for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networking, by reviewing the latest standard developments and the issues that 802.11bd and NR V2X will have to address for V2V operations at mmWaves. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that considers a full-stack, end-toend approach for the design of mmWave V2V networks, discussing open issues that span from the physical to the higher layers, and reporting the results of an end-to-end performance evaluation that highlight the potential of mmWaves for V2V communications.