Synchronization aspects in LTE small cells

This article addresses the synchronization needs for mobile backhaul networks when deploying LTE small cells. Existing synchronization solutions for both FDD and TDD macro networks are discussed as well as the applicability of those solutions to small cells deployed in LTE TDD and LTE FDD networks. The benefits of using radio coordination features in a small cell environment and the corresponding demands placed on synchronization solutions are highlighted. Potential issues relating to synchronization of small cells are also discussed, and some additional synchronization solutions are proposed to address those issues.