Comparison of Two Three-Phase PLL Systems for More Electric Aircraft Converters

The more electric aircraft power system is characterized by variable supply frequency, in general between 360 and 900 Hz. All equipment on board the aircraft have to operate delivering high performance under this variable frequency condition. In particular, power electronic converters need accurate control algorithms able to track the fundamental phase and frequency in real time, both in normal and unusual conditions. Phase-locked loop (PLL)-based algorithms are commonly used in traditional single- and three-phase power systems to provide phase and frequency estimations of the supply. Despite the simplicity of those algorithms, large estimation errors can arise when power supply voltage has variable frequency or amplitude, presents unbalances or is polluted with harmonics. To improve the quality of the phase and frequency real-time estimations, a robust PLL algorithm, based on a prediction-correction filter, is presented in this paper and compared with a discrete Fourier transform based procedure. The performances of the two algorithms, implemented in a floating-point DSP, have been compared through an experimental validation obtained on a laboratory power converter prototype.

[1]  S. Bifaretti,et al.  Performances of a PLL based digital filter for double-conversion UPS , 2008, 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[2]  Guan-Chyun Hsieh,et al.  Phase-locked loop techniques. A survey , 1996, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[3]  Dragan Jovcic,et al.  Phase locked loop system for FACTS , 2003 .

[4]  M. Liserre,et al.  Synchronization methods for three phase distributed power generation systems - An overview and evaluation , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[5]  Se-Kyo Chung,et al.  A phase tracking system for three phase utility interface inverters , 2000 .

[6]  S.M. Silva,et al.  PLL structures for utility connected systems , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[7]  Marco Liserre,et al.  PLL Algorithm for Power Generation Systems Robust to Grid Voltage Faults , 2006 .

[8]  Y. Li,et al.  Analysis and Digital Implementation of Cascaded Delayed-Signal-Cancellation PLL , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  Mehrdad Ehsani,et al.  Aircraft power systems: technology, state of the art, and future trends , 2000 .

[10]  Stefano Bifaretti,et al.  A digital filter for speed noise reduction in drives using an electromagnetic resolver , 2006, Math. Comput. Simul..

[11]  A. G. Yepes,et al.  Three-Phase PLLs With Fast Postfault Retracking and Steady-State Rejection of Voltage Unbalance and Harmonics by Means of Lead Compensation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  G. H. Cho,et al.  Improved control for high power static var compensator using novel vector product phase locked loop (VP-PLL) , 1999 .

[13]  E. Perez,et al.  An adaptive method for determining the reference compensating current in single-phase shunt active power filters , 2003 .

[14]  Leonardo A. B. Tôrres,et al.  Comparison of Three Single-Phase PLL Algorithms for UPS Applications , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  Chen Chen,et al.  A novel synchronization scheme for grid-connected converters by using adaptive linear optimal filter based PLL (ALOF-PLL) , 2009, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[16]  M.R. Iravani,et al.  Estimation of frequency and its rate of change for applications in power systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  J.A. Ortega,et al.  Moving towards a more electric aircraft , 2007, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[18]  Rik Pintelon,et al.  An efficient nonlinear least square multisine fitting algorithm , 2002, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas..

[19]  Stefano Bifaretti,et al.  Robust PLL Algorithm for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters , 2010 .

[20]  D. Boroyevich,et al.  Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL for Power Converters Control , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[21]  Ganapati Panda,et al.  Frequency estimation of distorted power system signals using extended complex Kalman filter , 1999 .

[22]  Mark Sumner,et al.  Running DFT-Based PLL Algorithm for Frequency, Phase, and Amplitude Tracking in Aircraft Electrical Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  B. Chattopadhyay,et al.  A new frequency measurement algorithm in the presence of harmonics using instantaneous phasor quantities , 1996, Proceedings of 1996 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering.

[24]  Mauricio Aredes,et al.  Analysis and Software Implementation of a Robust Synchronizing PLL Circuit Based on the pq Theory , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  Robert D. Lorenz,et al.  An industrially useful means for decomposition and differentiation of harmonic components of periodic waveforms , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[26]  Mukund Padmanabhan,et al.  Resonator-based filter-banks for frequency-domain applications , 1991 .

[27]  Mike Barnes,et al.  Software phase-locked loop applied to dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) , 2001, 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37194).

[28]  V. Blasko,et al.  Operation of a phase locked loop system under distorted utility conditions , 1997 .

[29]  Shahrokh Saadate,et al.  A New Robust Experimentally Validated Phase Locked Loop for Power Electronic Control , 2005 .

[30]  M.R. Iravani,et al.  A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[31]  Yun Wei Li,et al.  Grid synchronization PLL based on cascaded delayed signal cancellation , 2010, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[32]  P. K. Jain,et al.  Problems of Startup and Phase Jumps in PLL Systems , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[33]  L. Salvatore,et al.  EKF-and wavelet-based algorithms applied to harmonic detection for active shunt filters , 2004, 2004 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (IEEE Cat. No.04EX951).

[34]  R. Teodorescu,et al.  A Stationary Reference Frame Grid Synchronization System for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Power Converters Under Adverse Grid Conditions , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.