Sketching as mental imagery processing

Abstract Analysis of results of design protocols of novice and expert designers, although based on a limited number of designers, has shown that there are differences in the balance of cognitive actions between them. In this paper, we investigate the possible reasons for this imbalance in cognitive activity between the novice and expert designers in the rate of information processing driven by their relative experience in drawing production and sketch recognition. We use the theory of mental imagery to explain these differences.

[1]  M. Chi,et al.  The Nature of Expertise , 1988 .

[2]  Daniel Reisberg,et al.  Can mental images be ambiguous , 1985 .

[3]  R A Finke,et al.  Mapping the visual field in mental imagery. , 1981, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[4]  R. J. Weber,et al.  Visual imagery for words: the Hebb test. , 1974, Journal of experimental psychology.

[5]  Masaki Suwa,et al.  What architects see in their sketches: implications for design tools , 1996, CHI Conference Companion.

[6]  R. Finke,et al.  Principles of mental imagery , 1989 .

[7]  M. Farah.  Is visual imagery really visual? Overlooked evidence from neuropsychology. , 1988, Psychological review.

[8]  Rita E. Anderson,et al.  Chapter 8 Multiple Perspectives on Discovery and Creativity in Mind and on Paper , 1993 .

[9]  Beverly Roskos-Ewoldsen,et al.  Imagery, creativity, and discovery : a cognitive perspective , 1993 .

[10]  Marc Eisenstadt,et al.  Artificial intelligence: Tools, techniques, and applications , 1984 .

[11]  Ronald A. Finke,et al.  Creative Imagery: Discoveries and inventions in Visualization , 1990 .

[12]  Masaki Suwa,et al.  SKETCHING INTERPRETATION IN NOVICE AND EXPERT DESIGNERS , 1999 .

[13]  R A Finke,et al.  Mental imagery and the visual system. , 1986, Scientific American.

[14]  Robin Jeffries,et al.  The Processes Involved in Designing Software. , 1980 .

[15]  Bill Curtis,et al.  Human factors in software development , 2002 .

[16]  Kees Dorst,et al.  Comparing paradigms for describing design activity , 1995 .

[17]  R A Finke,et al.  Some consequences of visualization in pattern identification and detection. , 1986, The American journal of psychology.

[18]  S. Mednick.  The associative basis of the creative process. , 1962, Psychological review.

[19]  Masaki Suwa,et al.  What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis , 1997 .

[20]  Steven Pinker,et al.  Reinterpreting Visual Patterns in Mental Imagery , 1989, Cogn. Sci..

[21]  S. Kosslyn.  Image and mind , 1982 .

[22]  C. Martindale,et al.  Cognition and Consciousness , 2021, The Science of Consciousness.

[23]  J. Cusack.  Creative Cognition: Theory, Research, and Applications , 1994 .

[24]  Masaki Suwa,et al.  Analysis of Cognitive Processes of a Designer as the Foundation for Support Tools , 1998, AID.

[25]  Stephen Michael Kosslyn,et al.  Information representation in visual images , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[26]  Alan F. Blackwell,et al.  A glimpse of expert programmers' mental imagery , 1997, ESP '97.

[27]  G. Bower,et al.  Structural units and the redintegrative power of picture fragments. , 1976, Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory.

[28]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Individual differences in mental imagery ability: A computational analysis , 1984, Cognition.

[29]  S. J. Segal,et al.  Influence of imaged pictures and sounds on detection of visual and auditory signals. , 1970, Journal of experimental psychology.

[30]  R. Shepard,et al.  Functional representations common to visual perception and imagination. , 1978, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[31]  John S. Gero,et al.  Artificial Intelligence in Design ’98 , 1998, Springer Netherlands.

[32]  Elliot Soloway,et al.  A model of software design , 1986, Int. J. Intell. Syst..

[33]  R. Shepard,et al.  CHRONOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ROTATION OF MENTAL IMAGES , 1973 .

[34]  S. Pinker,et al.  Visual cognition : An introduction * , 1989 .

[35]  Howard S. Kurtzman,et al.  Mapping the visual field in mental imagery. , 1981, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[36]  R. Shepard,et al.  Mental Images and Their Transformations , 1982 .

[37]  M. Goodale.  Image and Brain: The Resolution of the Imagery Debate , 1995 .

[38]  R. Shepard.  Ecological constraints on internal representation: resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. , 1984, Psychological review.

[39]  John S. Gero,et al.  An approach to the analysis of design protocols , 1998 .

[40]  R. Shepard.  Ecological constraints on internal representation: resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking, and dreaming. , 1984, Psychological review.

[41]  Rita E. Anderson,et al.  Visual discovery in mind and on paper , 1993, Memory & cognition.

[42]  W. Chase,et al.  Visual information processing. , 1974 .

[43]  Roger N. Shepard,et al.  Visual functions of mental imagery , 1986 .

[44]  R. Finke.  Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception. , 1980 .

[45]  Masaki Suwa,et al.  Macroscopic analysis of design processes based on a scheme for coding designers' cognitive actions , 1998 .

[46]  M. Farah,et al.  Psychophysical evidence for a shared representational medium for mental images and percepts. , 1985, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[47]  B. Adelson,et al.  The Role of Domain Expenence in Software Design , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[48]  S. Palmer.  Hierarchical structure in perceptual representation , 1977, Cognitive Psychology.