Dispersal of Seeds as Nest Material by Birds in Semiarid Karoo Shrubland

Seeds of 55 species of plants were incorporated into the nests of 31 common bird species in the semiarid shrubland of the southern Karoo, South Africa. However, only three plant species were used abundantly by a variety of birds. Nest lining and structural materials included many viable seeds. Our findings suggest that birds facilitated directed dispersal of the creeper Galiurn tornentosurn to sites near trees, and that they moved shrub seeds away from conspecifics. We postulate that plant species with cottony seed coverings (e.g., Eriocephalus) or indehiscent fruits on woolly or branched peduncles, such as Galiurn tornentosurn, are adapted for directed dispersal by birds as nest material. See full-text article at JSTOR