Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations. Part 3: Other systems and conclusions

The suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological experiments in various systems is briefly reviewed. Urethane anesthesia appears to be suitable for various types of studies on respiratory function and on reflex activation of motility of the urinary bladder and some sections of the intestinal tract. However, urethane produces a variety of potentially disturbing side-effects at endocrine and renal level.

[1]  L. Chahl,et al.  The influence of laboratory anaesthetics on the increased cutaneous vascular permeability responses to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats. , 1980, Journal of pharmacological methods.

[2]  R. Dyer,et al.  RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DURATION OF URETHANE OR PENTOBARBITONE ANAESTHESIA IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS AND ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL RESPONSE TO LUTEINISING HORMONE‐RELEASING HORMONE , 1980, British journal of pharmacology.

[3]  C. Maggi,et al.  The effect of urethane on spontaneous and stimulated contractions of isolated rabbit urinary bladder. , 1984, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[4]  C. Advenier,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF PENTOBARBITONE AND URETHANE ON PULMONARY AIRWAY RESISTANCE IN GUINEA‐PIGS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS , 1978, British journal of pharmacology.

[5]  J. C. Porter,et al.  Relationship of prolactin secretion to dopamine release into hypophysial portal blood and dopamine turnover in the median eminence , 1980, Brain Research.

[6]  B. Scatton,et al.  Urethane inhibits cardiovascular responses mediated by the stimulation of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the rat. , 1982, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[7]  G. Smythe,et al.  Blockade of the dopamine-inhibitory control of prolactin secretion in rats by 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (3,4-di-O-methyldopamine). , 1973, Endocrinology.

[8]  T. Spriggs,et al.  Urethane anaesthesia and pituitary‐adrenal function in the rat , 1964, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[9]  C. vanderMeer,et al.  The effect of ethylurethane on hematocrit, blood pressure and plasma-glucose. , 1975 .

[10]  C. W. Ogle,et al.  The influence of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on the gastric effects of reserpine in rats. , 1981, European Journal of Pharmacology.

[11]  J. Dunn,et al.  The effect of urethane on pituitary-adrenal function of female rats. , 1984, Acta endocrinologica.

[12]  D. Bieger.  Muscarinic activation of rhombencephalic neurones controlling oesophageal peristalsis in the rat , 1984, Neuropharmacology.

[13]  C. Maggi,et al.  Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems. Part 2: Cardiovascular system , 1986, Experientia.

[14]  R. Schmidt,et al.  Somato-vesical reflexes in chronic spinal cats. , 1983, Journal of the autonomic nervous system.

[15]  E. Terasawa,et al.  Effects of luteinizing hormone on multiple-unit activity in the rat hypothalamus. , 1969, The American journal of physiology.

[16]  A. E. Boyd,et al.  Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) in porcine hypothalamic extract distinct from TRH. , 1976, Endocrinology.

[17]  L. Martini,et al.  Adrenergic and serotoninergic control of growth hormone secretion in adult male rats. , 1972, Endocrinology.

[18]  C. Maggi,et al.  Assessment of potential selectivity of antispasmodics for the various sections of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat as a guideline for their clinical use. , 1983, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[19]  D. Griswold,et al.  Inhibition of carrageenan-induced inflammation by urethan anesthesia in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats. , 1982, Journal of pharmacological methods.

[20]  A. Ivy,et al.  Response of the chronic gastric fistula rat to histamine. , 1957, The American journal of physiology.

[21]  T. Spriggs.  THE EFFECTS OF ANAESTHESIA INDUCED BY URETHANE OR PHENOBARBITONE UPON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIPHERAL CATECHOL AMINES IN THE RAT. , 1965, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy.

[22]  L. Keil,et al.  Urethane Anesthesia in Rats , 1981 .

[23]  J. I. Kitay,et al.  Effects of Urethane on Pituitary-Adrenal Function in the Rat 1 , 1973, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[24]  H. Little,et al.  THE EFFECTS OF INERT GASES AND OTHER GENERAL ANAESTHETICS ON THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE FROM THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM , 1979, British journal of pharmacology.

[25]  C. Hiley,et al.  The effects of four general anaesthetic agents on the regional distribution of cardiac output in the rat [proceedings]. , 1977, British journal of pharmacology.

[26]  F. Leenen,et al.  Plasma Renin and Sodium Balance During Development of Moderate and Severe Renal Hypertension in Rats , 1975, Circulation research.

[27]  J. Blaivas.  The neurophysiology of micturition: a clinical study of 550 patients. , 1982, The Journal of urology.

[28]  H. Reinert.  Urethane Hyperglycæmia and Hypothalamic Activation , 1964, Nature.

[29]  C. Maggi,et al.  Eserine-induced hypertone of guinea pig distal colon in vivo: a new pharmacological procedure for testing smooth muscle relaxants. , 1984, Journal of Pharmacological Methods.

[30]  C. Maggi,et al.  The effects of nifedipine and verapamil on high K+ induced contractions of the rat intestinal tract in vivo. , 1983, Japanese journal of pharmacology.

[31]  H. Borison.  Central nervous respiratory depressants--anesthetics, hypnotics, sedatives and other respiratory depressants. , 1978, Pharmacology & therapeutics. Part B: General & systematic pharmacology.

[32]  R. Siddall,et al.  Influence of some anaesthetics on pharmacologically stimulated gastric secretion in the rat. , 1966, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy.

[33]  M. Kuru.  NERVOUS CONTROL OF MICTURITION. , 1965, Physiological reviews.

[34]  C. Maggi,et al.  Contribution of neurogenic and myogenic factors to the contractile activity of the guinea-pig distal colon in vivo and in vitro. , 1985, Journal of autonomic pharmacology.

[35]  C. Sawyer,et al.  Ovulation blocking actions of urethane in the rat. , 1972, Endocrinology.

[36]  F. P. Gibbs,et al.  Dexamethasone suppression of ACTH release: effect of the interval between steroid administration and the application of stimuli known to release ACTH. , 1969, Endocrinology.

[37]  R. Dyer,et al.  INHIBITION BY PENTOBARBITONE AND URETHANE OF THE in vitro RESPONSE OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS TO LUTEINISING HORMONE‐RELEASING HORMONE IN MALE RATS , 1979, British journal of pharmacology.

[38]  W. C. Groat.  Nervous control of the urinary bladder of the cat , 1975, Brain Research.

[39]  W. A. Kelly,et al.  The influence of urethane on ovulation in the rat. , 1972, Endocrinology.

[40]  J. Szolcsányi,et al.  A pharmacological approach to elucidation of the role of different nerve fibres and receptor endings in mediation of pain. , 1977, Journal de physiologie.

[41]  R. Dyball.  Oxytocin and ADH secretion in relation to electrical activity in antidromically identified supraoptic and paraventricular units , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[42]  D. Boullin.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN RELATION TO THE PERISTALTIC REFLEX OF THE RAT. , 1964, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy.

[43]  S. Sonkodi,et al.  [Effect of urethane and penthobarbital on the behaviour of the renin-angiotensin-system in rat (author's transl)]. , 1979, Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie.

[44]  R. Gjone.  Peripheral autonomic influence on the motility of the urinary bladder in the cat.3. Micturition. , 1966, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[45]  Y. Sato,et al.  Changes in vesical function produced by cutaneous stimulation in rats , 1975, Brain Research.

[46]  C. van der Meer,et al.  The effect of ethylurethane on hematocrit, blood pressure and plasma-glucose. , 1975, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[47]  C. Maggi,et al.  Sympathetic inhibition of reflex activation of bladder motility during filling at a physiological‐like rate in urethane anaesthetized rats , 1985 .

[48]  L. Mayes,et al.  Comparison of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone secretion after electrical stimulation of the preoptic part of the hypothalamus in female rats anaesthetized with ethyl carbamate or sodium pentobarbitone. , 1978, The Journal of endocrinology.

[49]  P. Edvardsen.  Nervous Control of Urinary Bladder in Cats: III. Effects of autonomic blocking agents in the intact animal , 1968 .

[50]  C. Maggi,et al.  Reserpine-induced detrusor hyperreflexia: an in vivo model for studying smooth muscle relaxants at urinary bladder level. , 1983, Journal of pharmacological methods.

[51]  C. Barraclough,et al.  Hypothalamic Regulation of Ovulation , 1968, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[52]  V. Stella,et al.  Thiamine whole blood and urinary pharmacokinetics in rats: urethan-induced dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. , 1982, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[53]  C. Maggi,et al.  An in vivo procedure for estimating spasmolytic activity in the rat by measuring smooth muscle contractions to topically applied acetylcholine. , 1982, Journal of pharmacological methods.

[54]  B. Larsen,et al.  Mechanism of the effect of urethane on the secretion of prolactin in the male rat. , 1981, Life Science.

[55]  C. Maggi,et al.  The effect of urethane and thiopental sodium on platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. , 1984, Journal of pharmacological methods.

[56]  C. Maggi,et al.  Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems Part 1: General considerations , 1986, Experientia.

[57]  T. G. Brodie,et al.  Contributions to the physiology of the lungs , 1903 .

[58]  G. Szabó,et al.  The effect of intestinal hormones on splanchnic circulation , 1978, Research in experimental medicine. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimenteller Chirurgie.

[59]  M. Ginsburg,et al.  Effect of anaesthetics and haemorrhage on the release of neurohypophysial antidiuretic hormone. , 1956, British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy.

[60]  C. Maggi,et al.  Regional selectivity of calcium blockers at intestinal level. , 1985, Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie.

[61]  J. Douglas,et al.  Airway dilatation and constriction in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs. , 1972, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[62]  A. Angel,et al.  The effect of urethane on transmission along the dorsal column sensory pathway in the rat. , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[63]  C. Maggi,et al.  Evidence for the involvement of a capsaicin-sensitive innervation in the afferent branch of micturition reflex in rats. , 1987, Acta physiologica Hungarica.

[64]  C. Maggi,et al.  MODULATION BY β-ADRENORECEPTORS OF SPONTANEOUS CONTRACTIONS OF RAT URINARY BLADDER , 1982 .

[65]  C. Maggi,et al.  Evidence for the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in spontaneous and drug-induced contractions of rat urinary bladder. , 1984, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[66]  R. Dyball,et al.  Unit activity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei--the effects of anaesthetics. , 1974, Brain research.

[67]  S. L. Stone,et al.  Aspects of bile secretion in the rabbit. , 1975, The Journal of physiology.

[68]  W. Campbell,et al.  The pharmacologic alteration of renin release. , 1980, Pharmacological reviews.

[69]  W. Campbell,et al.  Renin Release, an Artifact of Anesthesia and its Implications in Rats , 1975, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[70]  R. Gjone.  Peripheral autonomic influence on the motility of the urinary bladder in the cat. II. "Tone". , 1966, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[71]  C. Maggi,et al.  The effect of urethane on histamine-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle , 1982, Experientia.

[72]  H. L. Borison,et al.  Effects of central depressant drugs on respiratory regulation in the decerebrate cat. , 1969, Respiration physiology.

[73]  J. Mellanby,et al.  The reactions of the urinary bladder of the cat under conditions of constant volume , 1940, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B - Biological Sciences.

[74]  R. Dyball.  Potentiation by urethane and inhibition by pentobarbitone of oxytocin release in vitro. , 1975, The Journal of endocrinology.

[75]  A. Krieger,et al.  Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of some anesthetics in the decerebrate rat. , 1979, European journal of pharmacology.