High capacity VCSEL-based links

▪ Commercial Cloud Servers and High Performance Computing (HPC) need higher data rate short distance links — 100% of Fiber Cables in Blue Gene Q Sequoia (20 PFlop system) 71 Gb/s — Continued improvements in VCSEL bandwidth and RIN could realize 100 Gb/s NRZ — NRZ is preferred, PAM4+FEC adds undesired latency. — Continued improvements in DACs/ADCs for > 150 Gb/s HOM ▪ Optics needs to move to the First Level Package to realize full potential — If possible, sweep driver and receiver functions into the ASIC/Switch chip — SiGe first followed by CMOS later