Implications of HIV variability for transmission: scientific and policy issues. Expert Group of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.

Current patterns of population migration and of national and international travel promote the emergence and the rapid spread of infectious agents. One of the most important pandemics of this century, fuelled by the increasingly global mixing habits of the world’s population, is that of HIV/AIDS. According to the estimates of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), since the start of the global epidemic until 1 July 1996, approximately 28 million people have been infected with HIV. The majority of all infections in adults (approximately 70%) have been transmitted as a result of unprotected heterosexual intercourse. The contribution of other modes of transmission to the global epidemic is more limited: 8–10% cases are by mother-to-child transmission, 5–10% infections transmitted via homosexual (male-to-male) intercourse, 5–10% via sharing HIV-infected injection equipment by drug users, and 3–5% as a result of transfusion of HIV-infected blood and blood products [1].

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