Digital Consumer Networks and Producer-Consumer Collaboration: Innovation and Product Development in the Digital Entertainment Industry

This paper examines new forms of collaboration between producers and consumers that are emerging in the digital entertainment space. Taking the case of the video-game industry, we show how firms have successfully engaged in outsourcing parts of their game design and development process to digital consumer networks. Applying economic analysis, we explore the potential benefits to both producers and consumers. We also discuss implications with respect to copyright enforcement on firm strategy for innovation. We finally indicate potential research areas in producer-consumer collaboration for innovation in general and in the music and moving image industries in particular, the value of digital consumer networks, as well as the effect of outsourcing to consumers on social surplus and the boundary of the firm

[1]  Ralph Katz,et al.  Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits , 2002, Manag. Sci..

[2]  Geoffrey G. Parker,et al.  Mechanism Design to Promote Free Market and Open Source Software Innovation , 2005, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[3]  Georg von Krogh,et al.  Open Source Software and the "Private-Collective" Innovation Model: Issues for Organization Science , 2003, Organ. Sci..

[4]  W. Dugger The Economic Institutions of Capitalism , 1987 .

[5]  E. Hippel,et al.  Lead users: a source of novel product concepts , 1986 .

[6]  James J. Anton,et al.  Expropriation and Inventions: Appropriable Rents in the Absence of Property Rights , 1994 .

[7]  Brijesh Pazhayathodi,et al.  Review of The Economics of Information Technology: An Introduction , 2008 .

[8]  H. Varian,et al.  The Economics Of Information Technology , 2004 .

[9]  Chrysanthos Dellarocas,et al.  The Digitization of Word-of-Mouth: Promise and Challenges of Online Feedback Mechanisms , 2003, Manag. Sci..

[10]  Mark Dodgson,et al.  The competitive challenge: Strategies for industrial innovation and renewal: David J. Teece, (Ballinger Publishing Company, 1987) pp. 256, $26.95 , 1988 .

[11]  Satish Nambisan,et al.  Information Systems as a Reference Discipline for New Product Development , 2003, MIS Q..

[12]  E. Clemons,et al.  Poaching and the Misappropriation of Information: Transaction Risks of Information Exchange , 2004 .

[13]  A. Virtanen General Economy: The Entrance of Multitude into Production , 2004 .

[14]  Eric K. Clemons,et al.  Hyper-differentiation strategies: delivering value, retaining profits , 2003, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the.

[15]  K. Lang,et al.  If I had a song: The culture of digital community networks and its impact on the music industry , 2003 .

[16]  Andrew Odlyzko,et al.  A refutation of Metcalfe ’ s Law and a better estimate for the value of networks and network interconnections , 2005 .

[17]  R. Coase The Nature of the Firm , 1937 .

[18]  Eric K. Clemons,et al.  The Impact of Information Technology on the Organization of Economic Activity: The "Move to the Middle" Hypothesis , 1993, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[19]  N. Sakkab,et al.  Connect and Develop : Inside Procter & Gamble's New Model for Innovation , 2006 .

[20]  Karl Reiner Lang,et al.  Transmutability: Digital Decontextualization, Manipulation, and Recontextualization as a New Source of Value in the Production and Consumption of Culture Products , 2006, Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06).

[21]  Lars Bo Jeppesen,et al.  Profiting from innovative user communities: How firms organize the production of user modifications in the computer games industry , 2004 .

[22]  Endogenous Formation of Competitive Research Sharing Joint Ventures , 2000 .

[23]  Lawrence Lessig,et al.  Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity , 2004 .

[24]  Lori Rosenkopf,et al.  Social Network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion: A Computer Simulation , 1997 .

[25]  Joseph Farrell,et al.  Innovation, Rent Extraction, and Integration in Systems Markets , 2000 .

[26]  M. Castells Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society , 2000 .

[27]  O. Williamson The economic institutions of capitalism , 1985 .

[28]  K. Arrow Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention , 1962 .

[29]  Josh Lerner,et al.  The Simple Economics of Open Source , 2000 .

[30]  R. Posner,et al.  An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law , 1989, The Journal of Legal Studies.

[31]  Taya M. Malone,et al.  The Future of Work: How the New Order of Business Will Shape Your Organization, Your Management Style and Your Life , 2004 .

[32]  Eric K. Clemons,et al.  Sustaining IT Advantage: The Role of Structural Differences , 1991, MIS Q..

[33]  N. Economides The Economics of Networks , 1995 .