A Spectrum of Nectar-Eater Communities

Three nectar-eater systems differ in the degree and consistency with which nectar is limiting to the birds. A gradient of nectar limitation exists, ranging from no limitation to limitation some years but not others, to apparent limitation most of the time. The ecological and evolutionary effects of different limitation regimes on aggression and tcrritoriality, on resource partitioning and avian community structure, and on plant pollination strategies are discussed.

[1]  S. Hubbell,et al.  Contrasting Foraging Strategies and Coexistence of Two Bee Species on a Single Resource , 1975 .

[2]  H. Recher.  Ecology of Co-existing White-cheeked and New Holland Honeyeaters , 1977 .

[3]  H. Recher.  Sharing of Habitat by Three Congeneric Honeyeaters , 1971 .

[4]  F. G. Stiles.  Food supply and the annual cycle of the Anna hummingbird , 1973 .

[5]  C. L. Gass,et al.  Regulation of food supply by feeding territoriality in the rufous hummingbird , 1976 .

[6]  A. Phillips.  The Migrations of Allen's and Other Hummingbirds , 1975 .

[7]  P. Feinsinger.  Organization of a Tropical Guild of Nectarivorous Birds , 1976 .

[8]  F. G. Stiles.  Ecology, Flowering Phenology, and Hummingbird Pollination of Some Costa Rican Heliconia Species , 1975 .

[9]  D. Paton,et al.  Pollination by birds of native plants in South Australia , 1977 .

[10]  O. Pearson,et al.  The Daily Energy Requirements of a Wild Anna Hummingbird , 1954 .

[11]  T. Southwood.  Continuing in the MacArthur Tradition. , 1976, Science.

[12]  M. Cody.  Interspecific Territoriality among Hummingbird Species , 1968 .

[13]  P. Munz,et al.  A California Flora , 1960 .

[14]  R. Macmillen,et al.  Threshold Model of Feeding Territoriality and Test with a Hawaiian Honeycreeper , 1976, Science.

[15]  F. G. Stiles.  Time, Energy, and Territoriality of the Anna Hummingbird (Calypte anna) , 1971, Science.

[16]  Robert K. Colwell.  Competition and Coexistence in a Simple Tropical Community , 1973, The American Naturalist.

[17]  L. L. Wolf.  The Impact of Seasonal Flowering on the Biology of Some Tropical Hummingbirds , 1970 .

[18]  F. Gill,et al.  Economics of Feeding Territoriality in the Golden-Winged Sunbird , 1975 .

[19]  L. L. Wolf,et al.  EVOLUTION OF PAIR COOPERATION IN A TROPICAL HUMMINGBIRD , 1970, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[20]  F. Carpenter.  Ecology and evolution of an Andean hummingbird (Oreotrochilus estella) , 1976 .

[21]  D. Paton,et al.  The value of insects and nectar to Honeyeaters , 1976 .

[22]  Food Supply and Nest Timing of Broad-Tailed Hummingbirds in the Rocky Mountains , 1976 .

[23]  A. Keast.  Seasonal Movements in the Australian Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) and Their Ecological Significance , 1968 .

[24]  H. Recher.  Bird Species Diversity and Habitat Diversity in Australia and North America , 1969, The American Naturalist.

[25]  Robert K. Colwell,et al.  Experimental Studies of the Niche , 1975 .

[26]  H. Recher,et al.  Pollination, Reproduction, and Fire , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[27]  P. H. Baldwin.  Annual cycle, environment and evolution in the Hawaiian honeycreepers (Aves: Drepaniidae) , 1953 .

[28]  L. L. Wolf,et al.  Time and Energy Budgets of Territorial Hummingbirds , 1971 .

[29]  F. Carpenter,et al.  Plant‐Pollinator Interactions in Hawaii: Pollination Energetics of Metrosideros Collina (Myrtaceae) , 1976 .

[30]  L. L. Wolf.  Female Territoriality in a Tropical Hummingbird , 1969 .