A Bicriteria Optimisation Approach for Waste Management of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Used in Aerospace Applications: Application to the Case Study of France

The increased use of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) has raised the environmental concerns on waste disposal and consumption of non-renewable resources as well as economic awareness for the need to recycle CFRP wastes stemming from aircraft. This study develops an optimisation approach of CFRP waste management with the simultaneous objective of minimising cost and global warming potential impacts along the the entire network. Various CFRP waste types are involved with multiple available techniques of fibre/no-fibre recovery techniques. The scenarios that are investigated are based on the current situation in France. The large inventory of the existing sites concerning aerospace CFRP industry is carried out to predict the waste quantity that is likely to be generated in the future. The objective is to develop waste allocation strategies, which are both good for economic and environmental aspects. The results obtained show that the economic interest and the environmental effect are conflicting. Transportation turns out to be an important factor of waste management.

[1]  John E. Frederick,et al.  Aviation and the Global Atmosphere : A Special Report of IPCC Working Groups I and III , 2014 .

[2]  Gary B. Lamont,et al.  Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: classifications, analyses, and new innovations , 1999 .

[3]  K. Schulte,et al.  CFRP-Recycling Following a Pyrolysis Route: Process Optimization and Potentials , 2009 .

[4]  Gary A. Leeke,et al.  Current status of recycling of fibre reinforced polymers: Review of technologies, reuse and resulting properties , 2015 .

[5]  A J Morrissey,et al.  Waste management models and their application to sustainable waste management. , 2004, Waste management.

[6]  Richard Grzanka.  The greening of carbon fibre , 2014 .

[7]  O. Dessens,et al.  Aviation and Climate Change , 2020 .

[8]  P. A. Marrone.  Supercritical water oxidation—Current status of full-scale commercial activity for waste destruction , 2013 .

[9]  Werner Rothengatter,et al.  Climate change and the contribution of transport: Basic facts and the role of aviation , 2010 .

[10]  Véronique Michaud,et al.  Economic and environmental assessment of alternative production methods for composite aircraft components , 2012 .

[11]  Stephen Pickering,et al.  Chemical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced composites in nearcritical and supercritical water , 2008 .

[12]  Stephen Pickering,et al.  Chemical recycling of carbon fibre composites using alcohols under subcritical and supercritical conditions , 2008 .

[13]  NetComposites Sue Halliwell.  End of Life Options for Composite Waste , 2007 .

[14]  Jan-Anders E. Månson,et al.  Assessing the life cycle costs and environmental performance of lightweight materials in automobile applications , 2011 .

[15]  Govindan Kannan,et al.  A genetic algorithm approach for solving a closed loop supply chain model: A case of battery recycling , 2010 .

[16]  P. Siarry,et al.  Multiobjective Optimization: Principles and Case Studies , 2004 .

[17]  Anna Nagurney,et al.  Reverse supply chain management and electronic waste recycling: a multitiered network equilibrium framework for e-cycling , 2005 .

[18]  Anna Hedlund-Åström,et al.  Model for End of Life Treatment of Polymer Composite Materials , 2005 .

[19]  Christian Fischer,et al.  Overview of the use of landfill taxes in Europe , 2011 .

[20]  Robert Sausen,et al.  European scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions , 1998 .

[21]  M. Akonda,et al.  Recycled carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene thermoplastic composites , 2012 .

[22]  Hing Kai Chan,et al.  A framework of reverse logistics for the automobile industry , 2012 .

[23]  Rehan Sadiq,et al.  Multiple stakeholders in multi-criteria decision-making in the context of Municipal Solid Waste Management: A review. , 2015, Waste management.

[24]  S. Pinho,et al.  The effect of recycling on the mechanical response of carbon fibres and their composites , 2012 .

[25]  Jan-Anders E. Månson,et al.  Carbon fibre reinforced composite waste: An environmental assessment of recycling, energy recovery and landfilling , 2013 .

[26]  Ruibin Bai,et al.  Environmental and financial performance of mechanical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced polymers and comparison with conventional disposal routes , 2016 .

[27]  Gérard Antonini.  Traitements thermiques des déchets - Procédés et technologies associées , 2015, Chimie verte.

[28]  Feng Xing,et al.  Recycling of carbon fibers from carbon fiber reinforced polymer using electrochemical method , 2015 .

[29]  T. Gutowski,et al.  Life cycle energy analysis of fiber-reinforced composites , 2009 .

[30]  Vicki P. McConnell,et al.  Launching the carbon fibre recycling industry , 2010 .

[31]  Steen B. Schougaard,et al.  Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites reinforced with recycled carbon fiber , 2013 .

[32]  Oana Ghita,et al.  Sheet moulding compound (SMC) from carbon fibre recyclate , 2010 .

[33]  K. Potter,et al.  In-process composite recycling in the aerospace industry , 2010 .

[34]  P. Mativenga,et al.  Energy Intensity and Environmental Analysis of Mechanical Recycling of Carbon Fibre Composite , 2014 .

[35]  Ch Achillas,et al.  Decision support system for the optimal location of electrical and electronic waste treatment plants: a case study in greece. , 2010, Waste management.

[36]  G. Cornacchia,et al.  Thermal and chemical treatments of recycled carbon fibres for improved adhesion to polymeric matrix , 2013 .

[37]  Chase C. Knight.  Recycling high-performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using sub-critical and supercritical water , 2013 .

[38]  Stefan Bringezu,et al.  Material flow analysis , 2002 .

[39]  David S. Lee,et al.  Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century , 2009, Atmospheric Environment.

[40]  Ashutosh Tiwari,et al.  Technology readiness level assessment of composites recycling technologies , 2016 .

[41]  Sujit Das.  Life cycle assessment of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites , 2011 .

[42]  Robert Sausen,et al.  Potential Climate Change from Aviation , 1999 .

[43]  Zhenqiu Sun,et al.  Comparative Analysis of a Novel M-TOPSIS Method and TOPSIS , 2010 .

[44]  David H.F. Liu,et al.  Hazardous waste and solid waste , 2000 .

[45]  William S. Reece,et al.  The impact of the energy crisis on the demand for fuel efficiency: The case of general aviation , 1977 .

[46]  Donald J. Wuebbles,et al.  Evaluating the impacts of aviation on climate change , 2007 .

[47]  Christos J. Tsenoglou,et al.  Recycling of the fibrous fraction of reinforced thermoset composites , 2002 .

[48]  Stephen Pickering,et al.  Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials—current status , 2006 .

[49]  Rob Boom,et al.  Recycling of composite materials , 2012 .