Metabolic Scope in Fishes

It is axiomatic in modern zoology to suppose that natural selection has shaped animals so as to perform their functions as efficiently as possible. Any adaptation, physiological or behavioural, which can be shown to save energy, is assumed to be adaptive. A fish, for example, that uses less energy for ventilating its gills than another of the same species will be able to use the energy saved to grow faster and produce more eggs. The efficient genotype is therefore selected (Alexander, 1967). It is now thought that much of animal foraging behaviour can be explained by so-called ‘optimal foraging theory’, whereby the animal behaves in such a manner as to maximize the ratio of energy income over energy expenditure.

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