Properties of Materials

Publisher Summary Solids are distinguished from the other states of matter (liquids and gases) because their constituent atoms are held together by interatomic forces. The electronic and atomic structures and almost all the physical properties of solids depend on the nature and strength of the interatomic bonds. Three different types of primary interatomic bonds are recognized: ionic, covalent, and metallic. This chapter provides information on the surface properties of biomaterials based on metallic, polymeric, and ceramic substrates. The materials that exhibit metallic bonding in the solid state are metals. The mixtures or solutions of different metals are alloys. Ceramic materials are usually solid inorganic compounds with various combinations of ionic or covalent bonding. The constituent atoms of classic polymers are usually carbon and are joined in a linear chain-like structure by covalent bonds. The contemporary methods of surface analysis can provide invaluable information about biomaterials and medical devices. The information obtained can be used to monitor contamination, ensure surface reproducibility, and explore the fundamental aspects of the interaction of biological systems with living systems.

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