UGC-JU face database and its benchmarking using linear regression classifier

In this paper, a new face database has been presented which will be freely available to academicians and research community for research purposes. The face database consists of both visual and thermal face images of 84 persons with varying poses, expressions and occlusions (39 different variations for each type, visual or thermal). A new thermal face image recognition technique based on Gappy Principal Component Analysis and Linear Regression Classifier has also been presented here. The recognition performance of this technique on the thermal face images of this database is found to be 98.61 %, which can be considered as the initial benchmark recognition performance this database.

[1]  Ross Cutler,et al.  Face recognition using infrared images and eigenfaces , 1996 .

[2]  Ming-Shi Wang,et al.  Human Face Recognition Using Thermal Image , 2002 .

[3]  Kwang-Baek Kim.  Intelligent Immigration Control System by Using Passport Recognition and Face Verification , 2005, ISNN.

[4]  Diego A. Socolinsky,et al.  Appearance-Based Facial Recognition Using Visible and Thermal Imagery: A Comparative Study , 2006 .

[5]  Mohammed Bennamoun,et al.  Linear Regression for Face Recognition , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[6]  Nobuyuki Otsu,et al.  Facial expression recognition using Fisher weight maps , 2004, Sixth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2004. Proceedings..

[7]  Brunelli Poggio,et al.  HyberBF Networks for Gender Classification , 1992 .

[8]  Maja Pantic,et al.  Facial component detection in thermal imagery , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Workshops.

[9]  Lawrence Sirovich,et al.  Karhunen–Loève procedure for gappy data , 1995 .

[10]  A. Martínez,et al.  The AR face databasae , 1998 .

[11]  Michael B. Miller.  Linear Regression Analysis , 2013 .

[12]  Xin Chen,et al.  PCA-Based Face Recognition in Infrared Imagery: Baseline and Comparative Studies , 2003, AMFG.

[13]  Guillermo Sapiro,et al.  Sparse Representation for Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition , 2010, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Dynamic Vision - From Images to Face Recognition , 2000 .

[15]  Mahantapas Kundu,et al.  Classification of Polar-Thermal Eigenfaces using Multilayer Perceptron for Human Face Recognition , 2008, 2008 IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems.

[16]  M. Pauline Baker,et al.  Computer Graphics, C Version , 1996 .

[17]  Thomas P. Ryan,et al.  Modern Regression Methods , 1996 .

[18]  Andy Harter,et al.  Parameterisation of a stochastic model for human face identification , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision.

[19]  Javier Ruiz-del-Solar,et al.  Thermal Face Recognition Using Local Interest Points and Descriptors for HRI Applications , 2010, RoboCup.

[20]  M. Turk,et al.  Eigenfaces for Recognition , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[21]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[22]  Shigeyuki Tomita,et al.  Face identification using thermal image processing , 1997, Proceedings 6th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication. RO-MAN'97 SENDAI.

[23]  Lawrence B. Wolff,et al.  Illumination invariant face recognition using thermal infrared imagery , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[24]  Meng Wang,et al.  iBotGuard: an Internet-based Intelligent Robot security system using Invariant Face Recognition against intruder , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[25]  Alexander M. Bronstein,et al.  Expression-Invariant 3D Face Recognition , 2003, AVBPA.

[26]  James W. Davis,et al.  A Two-Stage Template Approach to Person Detection in Thermal Imagery , 2005, 2005 Seventh IEEE Workshops on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1.

[27]  S. Sheather,et al.  Robust Estimation and Testing , 1990 .

[28]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Learning Gender with Support Faces , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[29]  S. Venkatesan.  Face Recognition System with Genetic Algorithm and ANT Colony Optimization , .

[30]  Ronen Basri,et al.  Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces , 2003, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[31]  S. Sheather,et al.  Robust Estimation & Testing: Staudte/Robust , 1990 .

[32]  Ioannis A. Kakadiaris,et al.  Face Recognition in the Thermal Infrared Spectrum , 2004, 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

[33]  Volkan Atalay,et al.  PCA for gender estimation: which eigenvectors contribute? , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[34]  Francine J. Prokoski,et al.  Identification of individuals by means of facial thermography , 1992, Proceedings 1992 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology: Crime Countermeasures.

[35]  Aleix M. Martinez,et al.  The AR face database , 1998 .

[36]  Federica Marcolin,et al.  3D face recognition: An automatic strategy based on geometrical descriptors and landmarks , 2014, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[37]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction , 2010 .

[38]  Mita Nasipuri,et al.  A Comparative Study of Human Thermal Face Recognition Based on Haar Wavelet Transform and Local Binary Pattern , 2012, Comput. Intell. Neurosci..

[39]  Brendan J. Frey,et al.  A probabilistic framework for embedded face and facial expression recognition , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[40]  Leonardo Trujillo,et al.  Automatic Feature Localization in Thermal Images for Facial Expression Recognition , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops.

[41]  Mita Nasipuri,et al.  Automated thermal face recognition based on minutiae extraction , 2013, Int. J. Comput. Intell. Stud..

[42]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Robust Recognition Using Eigenimages , 2000, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[43]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[44]  Alan J. Lee,et al.  Linear Regression Analysis: Seber/Linear , 2003 .

[45]  Mita Nasipuri,et al.  A Comparative Study of Human thermal face recognition based on Haar wavelet transform (HWT) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) , 2013, ArXiv.

[46]  F. Prokoski.  History, current status, and future of infrared identification , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Computer Vision Beyond the Visible Spectrum: Methods and Applications (Cat. No.PR00640).

[47]  Jiri Matas,et al.  XM2VTSDB: The Extended M2VTS Database , 1999 .

[48]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  Biometrics Person Authentication Using Projection-Based Face Recognition System in Verification Scenario , 2004, ICBA.

[49]  Chao Zhang,et al.  Hallucinating faces from thermal infrared images , 2008, 2008 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[50]  Arman Savran,et al.  3D Face Recognition Benchmarks on the Bosphorus Database with Focus on Facial Expressions , 2008, BIOID.