Antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiac surgery.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiac surgery is a controversial area. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have concluded that surgical site infection can be reduced by prolonging prophylaxis for 24-48 h. Also, post-operative pneumonia and all-cause mortality can be reduced by giving agents with both anti-Gram-negative and anti-Gram-positive activity. The choice of the most appropriate regimen remains open to debate.

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