Modern Microwave Ferrites

Microwave ferrites are ubiquitous in systems that send, receive, and manipulate electromagnetic signals across very high frequency to quasi-optical frequency bands. In this paper, modern microwave ferrites are reviewed including spinel, garnet, and hexaferrite systems as thin and thick films, powders and compacts, and metamaterials. Their fundamental properties and utility are examined in the context of high frequency applications ranging from the VHF to millimeter-wave bands. Perspective and outlook of advances in theory, processing, and devices occurring in the science and engineering communities since the year 2000 are presented and discussed.

[1]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Magnetic properties of Co/sub 2/Y-type hexaferrite particles oriented in a rotating field , 2003, Digest of INTERMAG 2003. International Magnetics Conference (Cat. No.03CH37401).

[2]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Ferroelectricity and giant magnetocapacitance in perovskite rare-earth manganites. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[3]  Stephen W. McKnight,et al.  Integrated self-biased hexaferrite microstrip circulators for millimeter-wavelength applications , 2001 .

[4]  B. Ravel,et al.  MULTIEDGE REFINEMENT OF EXTENDED X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE OF MANGANESE ZINC FERRITE NANOPARTICLES , 2002 .

[5]  F. J. Rachford,et al.  Tunable negative index metamaterial using yttrium iron garnet , 2007 .

[6]  Fan Yang,et al.  Manganese ferrite grown at the atomic scale , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[7]  H. A. Kramers.  L'interaction Entre les Atomes Magnétogènes dans un Cristal Paramagnétique , 1934 .

[8]  R. H. Knerr,et al.  An Annotated Bibliography of Microwave Circulators and Isolators: 1968-1975 , 1975 .

[9]  Hysteretic current-voltage characteristic in polycrystalline ceramic ferrites , 2010 .

[10]  M. Abe,et al.  Spin-Sprayed Ferrite Films Highly Permeable in the GHz Range, with Excellent Heat Resistance , 2005 .

[11]  H. Mosallaei,et al.  Tunable negative refractive index metamaterial phase shifter , 2007, 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[12]  F. Lotgering.  Semiconduction and cation valencies in manganese ferrites , 1964 .

[13]  L. E. Davis,et al.  Millimetric Nonreciprocal Coupled-Slot Finline Components , 1986 .

[14]  E. F. Bertaut,et al.  Substitution dans les hexaferrites de l'ion Fe3+ par Al3+ , Ga3+, Cr3+ , 1959 .

[15]  Y. Akaiwa,et al.  An application of a hexagonal ferrite to a millimeter-wave Y circulator , 1974 .

[16]  M. McHenry,et al.  Structure and magnetic properties of rf thermally plasma synthesized Mn and Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles , 2003 .

[17]  J. Helszajn.  Nonreciprocal microwave junctions and circulators , 1975 .

[18]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Topochemical growth of textured polycrystalline barium hexaferrite from oriented antiferromagnetic α-FeOOH nanorods , 2009, Nanotechnology.

[19]  C. E. Fay,et al.  Operation of the Ferrite Junction Circulator , 1965 .

[20]  L. G. Uitert,et al.  Permanent Magnet Oxides Containing Divalent Metal Ions. II , 1957 .

[21]  P. Curie.  Sur la symétrie dans les phénomènes physiques, symétrie d'un champ électrique et d'un champ magnétique , 1894 .

[22]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Lithium ferrite epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition: structural and electrical transport properties , 1995 .

[23]  E. Spencer,et al.  Ferromagnetic Resonance Line Width in Yttrium Iron Garnet Single Crystals , 1958 .

[24]  S. Yoon,et al.  Atomic scale design and control of cation distribution in hexagonal ferrite. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[25]  Philip W. Anderson,et al.  New Approach to the Theory of Superexchange Interactions , 1959 .

[26]  E. Fujii,et al.  Iron oxide films with spinel, corundum and bixbite structure prepared by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition , 1995 .

[27]  T. Kato,et al.  Performance of Z-type hexagonal ferrite core under demagnetizing and external static fields , 2010 .

[28]  D. Polder,et al.  On the theory of ferromagnetic resonance , 1949 .

[29]  J. Adam,et al.  Thick yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) films produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for integration applications , 1995 .

[30]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Cation engineering of Cu-ferrite films deposited by alternating target laser ablation deposition , 2008 .

[31]  EdenM..  The story of electrical and magnetic measurements , 1999 .

[32]  F. Bechtold,et al.  Soft ferrite materials for multilayer inductors , 2006 .

[33]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Low-Magnetic-Field Control of Electric Polarization Vector in a Helimagnet , 2008, Science.

[34]  C. Patton,et al.  Experimental observation of Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence in a nonlinear feedback ring system. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[35]  Robert R. Romanofsky,et al.  Array Phase Shifters: Theory and Technology , 2013 .

[36]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Large induced magnetic anisotropy in manganese spinel ferrite films , 2005 .

[37]  H. S. Yoder,et al.  Complete substitution of aluminum for silicon: The system 3MnO · Al2O3 · 3SiO2—3Y2O3 · 5Al2O3 , 1951 .

[38]  G. Rado.  Observation and Possible Mechanisms of Magnetoelectric Effects in a Ferromagnet , 1964 .

[39]  N. Mathur,et al.  Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials , 2006, Nature.

[40]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Microstructural, Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Large Area BaFe $_{12}$ O $_{19}$ Thick Films ( $>\!100\ \mu$ m) Deposited on /a-SiO $_{2}$ /Si and /a-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ /Si Substrates , 2008 .

[41]  William P. Delaney,et al.  The Development of Phased-Array Radar Technology , 2000 .

[42]  S. Yoon,et al.  Large Tunability of Néel Temperature by Growth-Rate-Induced Cation Inversion in Mn-ferrite Nanoparticles , 2009 .

[43]  G. Hu,et al.  Structural tuning of the magnetic behavior in spinel-structure ferrite thin films , 2000 .

[44]  S. Yoon,et al.  Screen printed thick self-biased, low-loss, barium hexaferrite films by hot-press sintering , 2006 .

[45]  Cham Kiong Queck,et al.  Self-biased hexagonal ferrite coupled line circulators , 2003 .

[46]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Self Biased Y-Junction Circulator at ${\rm K}_{\rm u}$ Band , 2011, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[47]  R. Ramesh,et al.  Magnetic characterization of epitaxial Y5Fe(e)O12/Bi3Fe5O12 and Y5Fe3O12/Eu1Bi2Fe5O12 heterostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition , 1994 .

[48]  A. Becke.  Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange , 1993 .

[49]  I. R. Harris,et al.  The production of Sr hexaferrite thick films by screen printing , 2002 .

[50]  V. Harris,et al.  Cation distribution in NiZn‐ferrite films via extended x‐ray absorption fine structure , 1996 .

[51]  H. Kojima,et al.  Chapter 5 Fundamental properties of hexagonal ferrites with magnetoplumbite structure , 1982 .

[52]  J. V. Vleck.  Recent developments in the theory of antiferromagnetism , 1951 .

[53]  Wilhelm H. Von Aulock,et al.  Linear ferrite devices for microwave applications , 1968 .

[54]  T. Kimura,et al.  Electric polarization rotation in a hexaferrite with long-wavelength magnetic structures. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[55]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Epitaxial growth of M-type Ba-hexaferrite films on MgO "111… ¸SiC "0001… with low ferromagnetic resonance linewidths , 2007 .

[56]  P. Hohenberg,et al.  Inhomogeneous Electron Gas , 1964 .

[57]  Yoshiki Nakata,et al.  Fabrication of Ce:YIG film for electric and magnetic field sensor by pulsed-laser deposition and laser-induced forward transfer , 2000, International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication.

[58]  T. Yoshitake,et al.  Fabrication of Bi-doped YIG optical thin film for electric current sensor by pulsed laser deposition , 2002 .

[59]  Wolfgang J. R. Hoefer,et al.  Tunable microwave and millimeter-wave band-pass filters , 1991 .

[60]  Xu Zuo,et al.  MMIC circulators using hexaferrites , 2001 .

[61]  M. Yoshimura,et al.  Ni-Zn ferrite films synthesized from aqueous solution usable for sheet-type conducted noise suppressors in GHz range , 2006 .

[62]  V. Harris,et al.  Direct measurement of octahedral and tetrahedral site environments in NiZn-ferrites , 1995 .

[63]  F. J. Rosenbaum,et al.  Wideband Operation of Microstrip Circulators , 1973 .

[64]  Anton L. Geiler,et al.  Microwave and magnetic properties of self-biased barium hexaferrite screen printed thick films , 2006 .

[65]  Douglas R. Hartree,et al.  The calculation of atomic structures : based on lectures given under the auspices of the William Pyle Philips Fund of Haverford College, 1955 , 1957 .

[66]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric microwave bandpass filter , 2006 .

[67]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Preparation of high-quality hexaferrite thick films by an improved liquid phase epitaxy deposition technique , 2003 .

[68]  E. E. Carpenter,et al.  USE OF MULTIPLE-EDGE REFINEMENT OF EXTENDED X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE TO DETERMINE SITE OCCUPANCY IN MIXED FERRITE NANOPARTICLES , 2002 .

[69]  Role of Ferrites in Negative Index Metamaterials , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[70]  E. E. Carpenter,et al.  One-step processing of spinel ferrites via the high-energy ball milling of binary oxides , 2003 .

[71]  D. Marcuse,et al.  Coupled-mode theory for anisotropic optical waveguides , 1975, The Bell System Technical Journal.

[72]  Y. Omata,et al.  Formation of Ni-Zn-Ferrite Films Using Laser Ablation , 1991, IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan.

[73]  V. Harris,et al.  Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles: correlations between synthesis procedures, structural characteristics and magnetic properties , 2001 .

[74]  H. Bosma,et al.  On the principle of stripline circulation , 1962 .

[75]  R. Bechmann,et al.  Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology , 1969 .

[76]  E. E. Carpenter,et al.  Cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles: Structure, cation distributions, and magnetic properties , 2000 .

[77]  M. Kryder,et al.  Barium ferrite thin-film recording media , 1996 .

[78]  H. Glass.  Ferrite films for microwave and millimeter-wave devices , 1988, Proc. IEEE.

[79]  M. Abe.  Ferrite plating: a chemical method preparing oxide magnetic films at 24–100°C, and its applications , 2000 .

[80]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Self-biasing circulators operating at K/sub a/-band utilizing M-type hexagonal ferrites , 1992 .

[81]  J. Kanamori,et al.  Electron Correlation and Ferromagnetism of Transition Metals , 1963 .

[82]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Realization of hexagonal barium ferrite thick films on Si substrates using a screen printing technique , 2008 .

[83]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric interactions in ferromagnetic-piezoelectric layered structures: Phenomena and devices , 2007 .

[84]  C. Kittel,et al.  Antiferromagnetic Arrangements in Ferrites , 1952 .

[85]  Patanjali V. Parimi,et al.  Q-band tunable negative refractive index metamaterial using Sc-doped BaM hexaferrite , 2009 .

[86]  Gordon R. Harrison,et al.  Microwave Properties of Polycrystalline Hybrid Garnets , 1961 .

[87]  P. Weiss.  L'hypothèse du champ moléculaire et la propriété ferromagnétique , 1907 .

[88]  M. Kryder,et al.  Determination of local order in the amorphous precursor to Ba-hexaferrite thin-film recording media , 1996 .

[89]  S. Wang,et al.  Microwave and magnetic properties of double-sided hexaferrite films on (111) magnesium oxide substrates , 2002 .

[90]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Epitaxial growth of PbFe 12 O 19 thin films by alternating target laser ablation deposition of Fe 2 O 3 and PbO , 2007 .

[91]  T. Hibiya.  Surface morphologies and quality of thick liquid phase epitaxial garnet films for magneto-optic devices , 1983 .

[92]  H. Bosma.  On Stripline Y-Circulation at UHF , 1964 .

[93]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Active tuning of a microstrip hairpin-line microwave bandpass filter on a polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet substrate using small magnetic fields , 2011 .

[94]  V. Harris,et al.  Preparation and characterization of MnZnferrite nanoparticles using reverse micelles , 2003 .

[95]  B. Hershenov,et al.  All Garnet Microstrip Circulators for Integrated Circuits , 1967 .

[96]  S. Yoon,et al.  Oriented barium hexaferrite thick films with narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth , 2006 .

[97]  I. Dzyaloshinskiǐ,et al.  On the magneto-electrical effects in antiferromagnets , 1960 .

[98]  J. Hubbard.  Electron correlations in narrow energy bands , 1963, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[99]  M. Hong,et al.  Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on MgO buffered Si substrates , 2005 .

[100]  Xu Zuo,et al.  Magnetic properties of manganese ferrite films grown at atomic scale , 2005 .

[101]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Microstructural, Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Large Area BaFe$_{12}$O$_{19}$ Thick Films ($>\!100\ \mu$< , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[102]  M. Mita.  Two-Magnon Ferrimagnetic Resonance Linewidth of Hexagonal Ferrite Zn 2 Y , 1968 .

[103]  Nian X. Sun,et al.  Ba-Hexaferrite Films for Next Generation Microwave Devices , 2006 .

[104]  Y. Tamaura,et al.  High speed deposition of high‐quality ferrite films from aqueous solution at low temperatures (≤90 °C) , 1987 .

[105]  V. Harris,et al.  Epitaxial growth of barium hexaferrite film on wide bandgap semiconductor 6H–SiC by molecular beam epitaxy , 2010 .

[106]  Crystalline structure and magnetic properties of ferrites having the general formula 5Fe2O3.3M2O3 , 1957 .

[107]  M. L. Chen,et al.  Properties of pulsed laser deposited scandium-doped barium hexaferrite films , 1999 .

[108]  S. Yoon,et al.  Microwave properties of pulsed laser deposited Sc-doped barium hexaferrite films , 2000 .

[109]  C. Patton,et al.  Optimized pulsed laser deposited barium ferrite thin films with narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidths , 2003 .

[110]  Patanjali V. Parimi,et al.  A microstrip tunable negative refractive index metamaterial and phase shifter , 2008 .

[111]  Yutaka Shimada,et al.  Conducted noise suppression effect up to 3 GHz by NiZn ferrite film plated at 90 °C directly onto printed circuit board , 2003 .

[112]  A. Mijiritskii,et al.  The (001) surface and morphology of thin Fe3O4 layers grown by O-2-assisted molecular beam epitaxy , 2001 .

[113]  Carmine Vittoria,et al.  Numeric Simulations of a Novel Wideband Electromagnetic Band Gap Metamaterial Utilizing Oriented Cobalt-Substituted Z-Type Barium Hexaferrites , 2011, IEEE Magnetics Letters.

[114]  D. Polder.  On the Phenomenology of Ferromagnetic Resonance , 1948 .

[115]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Growth of Ba-hexaferrite films on single crystal 6-H SiC , 2006 .

[116]  Y. Tokura,et al.  Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization , 2003, Nature.

[117]  Carmine Vittoria,et al.  Microwave and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite films having the c-axis in the film plane by liquid phase epitaxy technique , 2003 .

[118]  J. Perdew,et al.  Accurate and simple density functional for the electronic exchange energy: Generalized gradient approximation. , 1986, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[119]  Shigeyoshi Yoshida,et al.  Spin sprayed Ni(–Zn)–Co ferrite films with natural resonance frequency exceeding 3GHz , 2007 .

[120]  S. Palmer,et al.  Barium hexaferrite films prepared by pulsed laser deposition , 1995 .

[121]  C. Kittel.  On the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption , 1948 .

[122]  H. J. Hagger,et al.  Microwave Ferrites And Ferrimagnetics , 1962 .

[123]  H. Glass,et al.  Liquid phase epitaxy of hexagonal ferrites and spinel ferrites on non-magnetic spinel substrates , 1976 .

[124]  S. B. Cohn,et al.  A History of Microwave Filter Research, Design, and Development , 1984 .

[125]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Oriented barium hexaferrite thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition , 1992 .

[126]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Computational study of copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) , 2006 .

[127]  A. Mones,et al.  Cation substitutions in BaFe12O19 , 1958 .

[128]  Y. Tamaura,et al.  Ferrite plating in aqueous solution: New technique for preparing magnetic thin film , 1984 .

[129]  R. Atkinson,et al.  Optical and magneto-optical properties of Co-Ti-substituted barium hexaferrite single crystals and thin films produced by laser ablation deposition , 1994 .

[130]  B. Lax.  Frequency and Loss Characteristics of Microwave Ferrite Devices , 1956, Proceedings of the IRE.

[131]  David J. Singh,et al.  First-principles investigation of MnFe 2 O 4 , 2002 .

[132]  S. Malik,et al.  X-ray absorption, neutron diffraction, and Mössbauer effect studies of MnZn–ferrite processed through high-energy ball milling , 1999 .

[133]  B. Kalinikos,et al.  Self-generation of chaotic solitary spin wave pulses in magnetic film active feedback rings. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[134]  J. Robertson,et al.  Growth of spinel ferrite films by liquid phase epitaxy , 1977 .

[135]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Effect of growth temperature on the magnetic, microwave, and cation inversion properties on NiFe2O4 thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation deposition , 2007 .

[136]  L. Chua.  Memristor-The missing circuit element , 1971 .

[137]  Anton L. Geiler,et al.  Multiferroic heterostructure fringe field tuning of meander line microstrip ferrite phase shifter , 2010 .

[138]  V. Harris,et al.  Magnetocaloric effect in bulk and nanostructured Gd3Fe5O12 materials , 2009 .

[139]  J. A. Weiss,et al.  New uniaxial-ferrite millimeter-wave junction circulators , 1989, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest.

[140]  V. Harris,et al.  Determination of crystallite size in a magnetic nanocomposite using extended x-ray absorption fine structure , 2003 .

[141]  V. Harris,et al.  Radio-frequency magnetron sputter-deposited barium hexaferrite films on Pt-coated Si substrates suitable for microwave applications , 2010 .

[142]  V. Brabers,et al.  Inelastic neutron scattering study of acoustical magnons in MnFe2O4 , 1974 .

[143]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Electrically controlled magnetization switching in a multiferroic heterostructure , 2010 .

[144]  S. Yoon,et al.  Magnetization behavior of scandium-substituted barium hexaferrite films having uniaxial axis in the film plane , 2003 .

[145]  Xu Zuo,et al.  Recent advances in processing and applications of microwave ferrites , 2009 .

[146]  S. Dong,et al.  Near-ideal magnetoelectricity in high-permeability magnetostrictive/piezofiber laminates with a (2-1) connectivity , 2006 .

[147]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Calculation of exchange integrals and electronic structure for manganese ferrite , 2002 .

[148]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Epitaxial growth of PbFe12O19 thin films by alternating target laser ablation deposition of Fe2O3 and PbO , 2007 .

[149]  E. E. Carpenter,et al.  Chemically prepared magnetic nanoparticles , 2004 .

[150]  A. Stephenson.  Magnetic oxides , 1975, Nature.

[151]  R. C. Linares,et al.  Epitaxial growth of narrow linewidth yttrium iron garnet films , 1974 .

[152]  M. Abe,et al.  Conducted noise suppression up to GHz range by spin-sprayed Ni0.2ZnxFe2.8−xO4 (x=0.3, 0.6) films having different natural resonance frequencies , 2006 .

[153]  C. Nan,et al.  Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: Historical Perspective, Status, and Future Directions , 2008, Progress in Advanced Dielectrics.

[154]  D. R. Hartree,et al.  The Calculation of Atomic Structure , 1958 .

[155]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Magnetoelectric microwave phase shifter , 2006 .

[156]  F. Rosenbaum,et al.  Wide-Band Operation of Microstrip Circulators , 1974 .

[157]  Nian X. Sun,et al.  Ba-Hexaferrite Films for Next Generation Microwave Devices , 2006 .

[158]  J. Yang,et al.  Memristive switching mechanism for metal/oxide/metal nanodevices. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[159]  I. H. Ismailzade,et al.  The magnetoelectric effect in ferroelectric‐antiferromagnetic Bi5Bi4Ti3Fe5O27 , 1971 .

[160]  J. Desvignes,et al.  FMR linewidth of barium hexaferrite at millimeter wavelengths , 1984 .

[161]  M. Schieber,et al.  On the Incorporation of Neodymium in Mixed Yttrium‐Neodymium‐Iron Garnets , 1960 .

[162]  H. Kojima,et al.  Intrinsic Coercivity of Substituted BaFe12O19 , 1973 .

[163]  Lionel E. Davis,et al.  Microstrip and stripline ferrite-coupled-line (FCL) circulator's , 2002 .

[164]  Axel D. Becke,et al.  Density-functional thermochemistry. I. The effect of the exchange-only gradient correction , 1992 .

[165]  Y. Kitagawa,et al.  Low-field magnetoelectric effect at room temperature. , 2010, Nature materials.

[166]  Li Shu-hua,et al.  Origine de la Boussole , 1954, Isis.

[167]  D. Jiles,et al.  Manganese-substituted cobalt ferrite magnetostrictive materials for magnetic stress sensor applications , 2005 .

[168]  Impact of magnetic interactions on thermal stability of longitudinal thin film media , 2001 .

[169]  R. Tomov,et al.  Sr-ferrite thin films grown on sapphire by pulsed laser deposition , 2000 .

[170]  R. M. Wolf,et al.  Growth, structuring and characterisation of all-oxide thin film devices prepared by pulsed laser deposition , 1996 .

[171]  Berkowitz,et al.  Surface Spin Disorder in NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[172]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Perpendicularly Oriented Polycrystalline BaFe11.1Sc0.9O19 Hexaferrite with Narrow FMR Linewidths , 2008 .

[173]  John P. Perdew,et al.  A self-interaction corrected approach to many-electron systems: Beyond the local spin density approximation , 1980 .

[174]  E. F. Schloemann,et al.  Circulators for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits , 1988, Proc. IEEE.

[175]  J. M. Hastings,et al.  Neutron Diffraction Study of Manganese Ferrite , 1956 .

[176]  Self-biasing circulators operating at K/subA/-band utilizing M-type hexagonal ferrites , 1992, 1992. Digests of Intermag. International Magnetics Conference.

[177]  E. Gorter.  Saturation magnetization and crystal chemistry of ferrimagnetic oxides. I. II. Theory of ferrimagnetism , 1954 .

[178]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Pure-Phase Co2Y Ferrite Powders via a Scalable Aqueous Coprecipitation Method , 2010 .

[179]  C. Vittoria,et al.  CATION-DISORDER-ENHANCED MAGNETIZATION IN PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITED CUFE2O4 FILMS , 2005 .

[180]  Everett E. Carpenter,et al.  Magnetic and structural properties of nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at room temperature , 2004 .

[181]  M. McHenry,et al.  Magnetic properties of polydisperse and monodisperse NiZn ferrite nanoparticles interpreted in a surface structure model , 2005 .

[182]  L. Davis,et al.  Ferrite devices and materials , 2002 .

[183]  Tae Hee Kim,et al.  Nanoparticle assemblies as memristors. , 2009, Nano letters.

[184]  T. Yoshitake,et al.  Characteristics of Bi:YIG Magneto-Optic Thin Films Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method for an Optical Current Transformer(Instrumentation, Measurement, and Fabrication Technology) , 2002 .

[185]  C. Moina,et al.  High perpendicular coercive field of CoFe2O4 thin films deposited by PLD , 2004 .

[186]  J. L. Snoek.  Magnetic and electrical properties of the binary systems MO. Fe2O3 , 1936 .

[187]  M. Guyot,et al.  Ferrimagnetic thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition , 1996 .

[188]  E. Lucchini,et al.  Mössbauer investigation of In and Sc substituted barium hexaferrite , 1981 .

[189]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Low-loss barium ferrite quasi-single-crystals for microwave application , 2007 .

[190]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Thick M-type barium hexaferrite films grown on garnet substrates , 2004 .

[191]  Wei,et al.  Insulating gap in the transition-metal oxides: A calculation using the local-spin-density approximation with the on-site Coulomb U correlation correction. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[192]  V. G. Harris,et al.  Giant magnetodielectric effect and magnetic field tunable dielectric resonance in spinel MnZn ferrite , 2009 .

[193]  Philip W. Anderson,et al.  Antiferromagnetism. Theory of Superexchange Interaction , 1950 .

[194]  D. Liou,et al.  Curie temperatures of Y3Fe5O12/Gd3Fe5O12 superlattices , 1997 .

[195]  Matthew T. Johnson,et al.  Growth of nickel ferrite thin films using pulsed-laser deposition , 1999 .

[196]  G. Srinivasan,et al.  Electric field tuning characteristics of a ferrite-piezoelectric microwave resonator , 2006 .

[197]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Magnetic and atomic structure parameters of Sc-doped barium hexagonal ferrites , 2008 .

[198]  V. Anisimov,et al.  Band theory and Mott insulators: Hubbard U instead of Stoner I. , 1991, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[199]  Harris,et al.  Local Structure of the Amorphous Precursor to Ba-Hexaferrite Thin Films: An Anisotropic Octahedral Fe-O Glass Network. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[200]  G. P. Rodrigue.  A generation of microwave ferrite devices , 1988, Proc. IEEE.

[201]  David R. Smith,et al.  Metamaterials and Negative Refractive Index , 2004, Science.

[202]  C. Vittoria,et al.  Structure and Magnetism of Ba-Hexaferrite Films Grown on Single Crystal 6-H SiC With Graduated Interfacial MgO Buffer Layers , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.