The Effect of Alum Concentration and Chemical‐Addition Times on Coagulation

Although the literature contains many studies of the effects of such variables as turbidity differences, pH, and alkalinity on coagulation, research into the effects of the concentrations of alum solutions and the sequence of the addition of chemicals has been largely overlooked. In this study the authors found that better turbidity removals occurred with dilute alum solutions and when lime was added before alum.