Performance Analysis of Passive Emitter Tracking using TDOA, AOA and FDOA Measurements

This paper investigates passive emitter tracking using a combination of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements with further different types of measurements. The measurements are gained by exploiting the signal impinging from an unknown moving emitter. First, a combined set of TDOA and Angle of Arrival (AOA) measurements is processed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). Then, a Gaussian Mixture (GM) filter is used to solve the tracking problem based on TDOA and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurements. In Monte Carlo simulations, the superior performance of the combined methods in contrast to the single TDOA approach is shown and compared with the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB).