Multiple Solutions of Optimal PMU Placement Using Exponential Binary PSO Algorithm for Smart Grid Applications

For smart grid execution, one of the most important requirements is fast, precise, and efficient synchronized measurements, which are possible by phasor measurement unit (PMU). To achieve fully observable network with the least number of PMUs, optimal placement of PMU (OPP) is crucial. In trying to achieve OPP, priority may be given at critical buses, generator buses, or buses that are meant for future extension. Also, different applications will have to be kept in view while prioritizing PMU placement. Hence, OPP with multiple solutions (MSs) can offer better flexibility for different placement strategies as it can meet the best solution based on the requirements. To provide MSs, an effective exponential binary particle swarm optimization (EBPSO) algorithm is developed. In this algorithm, a nonlinear inertia-weight-coefficient is used to improve the searching capability. To incorporate previous position of particle, two innovative mathematical equations that can update particle's position are formulated. For quick and reliable convergence, two useful filtration techniques that can facilitate MSs are applied. Single mutation operator is conditionally applied to avoid stagnation. The EBPSO algorithm is so developed that it can provide MSs for various practical contingencies, such as single PMU outage and single line outage for different systems.