Regulatory Role of microRNA of Milk Exosomes in Mastitis of Dairy Cows

Simple Summary The microRNA (miRNA) cargos of exosomes isolated from milk were investigated in relation to the healthy conditions of the mammary gland. Samples were collected from a group of cows without mastitis (H), a group at risk of mastitis (ARM), and a group with subclinical mastitis (SCM). The differential expression analysis identified 38, 18, and 12 miRNAs (p < 0.05) in the comparisons of H vs. ARM, ARM vs. SCM, and H vs. SCM, respectively. Only bta-mir-221 was shared between the three groups. The miRNA cargos of milk exosomes can be considered to study the complex molecular machinery set in motion in response to mastitis in dairy cows and the quality of milk. Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the cargos of miRNA in exosomes isolated from the milk of healthy (H) cows, cows at risk of mastitis (ARM), and cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM). Based on the number of somatic cells and the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells, 10 cows were assigned to group H, 11 to group ARM, and 11 to group SCM. After isolating exosomes in milk by isoelectric precipitation and ultracentrifugation, the extracted RNA was sequenced to 50 bp long single reads, and these were mapped against Btau_5.0.1. The resulting 225 miRNAs were uploaded to the miRNet suite, and target genes for Bos taurus were identified based on the miRTarBase and miRanda databases. The list of differentially expressed target genes resulting from the comparisons of the three groups was enriched using the Function Explorer of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. A total of 38, 18, and 12 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE, p < 0.05) in the comparisons of H vs. ARM, ARM vs. SCM, and H vs. SCM, respectively. Only 1 DE miRNA was shared among the three groups (bta-mir-221), 1 DE miRNA in the H vs. SCM comparison, 9 DE miRNAs in the ARM vs. SCM comparison, and 21 DE miRNAs in the H vs. ARM comparison. A comparison of the enriched pathways of target genes from the H, SCM, and ARM samples showed that 19 pathways were differentially expressed in the three groups, while 56 were expressed in the H vs. SCM comparison and 57 in the H vs. ARM comparison. Analyzing milk exosome miRNA cargos can be considered as a promising approach to study the complex molecular machinery set in motion in response to mastitis in dairy cows.

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