The effect of solvent of titanium precursor in the sol-gel process on the activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for H2 production

A modified sol-gel process has been found to significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticle in the process of solar hydrogen production. The surface of TiO2 nanoparticles were modified by the optimization of solvent of titanium precursor (acetic acid and/or ethanol) in the sol-gel method. A multi technique approach (SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS and TGA) was used to characterize the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic hydrogen production was tested using a suspension of photocatalyst TiO2 at 10 vol. % methanol under natural solar light. The produced hydrogen was subjected to gas chromatography with a continuous flow of N2 in the photoreactor system. It was found that the TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized with acetic acid as the solvent of titanium precursor, TiO2-AA, have a better photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production compared to nanoparticles synthesized with ethanol, TiO2-EA. The obtained results showed that the better crystallinity, small size and proper surface properties of TiO2-AA nanoparticles is due to higher photoactivity.

[1]  Lisha Yang,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of N-doped TiO2 and its enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity , 2016 .

[2]  Zhibo Ma,et al.  Elementary Photocatalytic Chemistry on TiO2 Surfaces , 2016 .

[3]  H. R. Pouretedal,et al.  Red water treatment by photodegradation process in presence of modified TiO2 nanoparticles and validation of treatment efficiency by MLR technique , 2016, Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society.

[4]  Jie Yu,et al.  Photocatalytic activity of hydrogen production from water over TiO2 with different crystal structures , 2015 .

[5]  Maria Vittoria Dozzi,et al.  Crystal Surfaces and Fate of Photogenerated Defects in Shape-Controlled Anatase Nanocrystals: Drawing Useful Relations to Improve the H2 Yield in Methanol Photosteam Reforming , 2015 .

[6]  M. Fan,et al.  Review of the progress in preparing nano TiO2: an important environmental engineering material. , 2014, Journal of environmental sciences.

[7]  Bin Wen,et al.  Enhancement of photocatalysis for H2 evolution on annealed Nano-Titania , 2014 .

[8]  Detlef W. Bahnemann,et al.  Photochemical splitting of water for hydrogen production by photocatalysis: A review , 2014 .

[9]  T. Jardiel,et al.  Influence of nickel in the hydrogen production activity of TiO2 , 2014 .

[10]  S. Afshar,et al.  Improving hydrogen production via water splitting over Pt/TiO2/activated carbon nanocomposite , 2014 .

[11]  A. Kadam,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave assisted method , 2014 .

[12]  H. M. Hosseini,et al.  Application of the statistical Taguchi method to optimize TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis by the hydrothermal assisted sol–gel technique , 2014 .

[13]  N. Verma,et al.  CaCO3/TiO2 Nanoparticles Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cell , 2014 .

[14]  Jinlong Yang,et al.  Active hydrogen species on TiO2 for photocatalytic H2 production. , 2014, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[15]  Mahuya De,et al.  Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from water–methanol mixture using cerium and nonmetals (B/C/N/S) co-doped titanium dioxide , 2014, Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy.

[16]  N. Shanmugam,et al.  Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of pure and manganese doped TiO2 nanoparticles--a new NLO active material. , 2014, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[17]  A. Buasri,et al.  The Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Controllable Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles , 2014 .

[18]  Fan Zuo,et al.  Self-doped Ti3+@TiO2 visible light photocatalyst: Influence of synthetic parameters on the H2 production activity , 2014 .

[19]  Wenshao Yang,et al.  Molecular hydrogen formation from photocatalysis of methanol on anatase-TiO₂(101). , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  S. Sugapriya,et al.  Effect of annealing on TiO2 nanoparticles , 2013 .

[21]  Guangxing Li,et al.  Solvothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using different nitrogen sources, and their photocatalytic activity for degradation of benzene , 2013 .

[22]  W. Hou,et al.  High photocatalytic activity of hydrogen production from water over Fe doped and Ag deposited anatase TiO2 catalyst synthesized by solvothermal method , 2013 .

[23]  Wenshao Yang,et al.  Molecular hydrogen formation from photocatalysis of methanol on TiO2(110). , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[24]  Xiuwen Cheng,et al.  Enhanced photoelectric property and visible activity of nitrogen doped TiO2 synthesized from different nitrogen dopants , 2013 .

[25]  S. S. Meena,et al.  Structural refinement and photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles , 2012 .

[26]  K. Landfester,et al.  High Surface Area Crystalline Titanium Dioxide: Potential and Limits in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Catalysis , 2012 .

[27]  S. Phanichphant,et al.  Influence of calcination temperature on anatase to rutile phase transformation in TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the modified sol–gel method , 2012 .

[28]  B. Dong,et al.  Preparation of magnetically supported chromium and sulfur co-doped TiO2 and use for photocatalysis under visible light , 2012, Research on Chemical Intermediates.

[29]  C. Sorrell,et al.  Single and mixed phase TiO2 powders prepared by excess hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide , 2012, 1410.8255.

[30]  T. Do,et al.  A solvothermal single‐step route towards shape‐controlled titanium dioxide nanocrystals , 2012 .

[31]  Xiuwen Cheng,et al.  Characterization and mechanism analysis of N doped TiO2 with visible light response and its enhanced visible activity , 2012 .

[32]  M. Hamadanian,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of Fe,S-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles: Application in degradation of organic water pollutants , 2011 .

[33]  L. Yuliati,et al.  Photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light over Cd0.1SnxZn0.9−2xS solid solution photocatalysts , 2011 .

[34]  P. Biswas,et al.  Single-step processing of copper-doped titania nanomaterials in a flame aerosol reactor , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[35]  S. Chavadej,et al.  Hydrogen production over Au-loaded mesoporous-assembled SrTiO3 nanocrystal photocatalyst: Effects of molecular structure and chemical properties of hole scavengers , 2011 .

[36]  Charles C. Sorrell,et al.  Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation , 2011 .

[37]  Darui Liu,et al.  Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of N-doped NaTaO3 compounds calcined at low temperature. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[38]  Fumin Wang,et al.  Preparation of highly active photocatalyst anatase TiO2 by mixed template method , 2009 .

[39]  S. Woo,et al.  Hydrothermally stabilized Fe(III) doped titania active under visible light for water splitting reaction , 2008 .

[40]  T. Chen,et al.  Surface Phases of TiO2 Nanoparticles Studied by UV Raman Spectroscopy and FT-IR Spectroscopy , 2008 .

[41]  Jianwei Shi,et al.  Preparations and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of N-doped TiO2 from urea and titanium tetrachloride , 2006 .

[42]  Jinlong Zhang,et al.  Effects of Calcination on the Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Template Method , 2005 .

[43]  Panpan Zhang,et al.  Preparation and Characterizations of TiO2 Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Process using DMAC Solvent , 2016 .

[44]  A. Sohrabi,et al.  Photosensitization of TiO2 by ZnS and bromo thymol blue and its application in photodegradation of para-nitrophenol , 2015, Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society.

[45]  Xubiao Luo,et al.  The effect of vinyl-containing ionic liquid on the photocatalytic activity of iron-doped TiO2 , 2013 .

[46]  Muzafar A. Kanjwal,et al.  Influence of temperature on the photodegradation process using Ag-doped TiO2 nanostructures: Negative impact with the nanofibers , 2013 .

[47]  E. Hong,et al.  Monolithic film photocatalyst and its application for hydrogen production with repeated unit structures , 2013 .

[48]  R. Vijayalakshmi,et al.  SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO-TIO2 VIA DIFFERENT METHODS , 2012 .

[49]  W. Sigmund,et al.  Enhanced nanocatalysts , 2012 .

[50]  M. Hamadanian,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and effect of calcination temperature on phase transformation and photocatalytic activity of Cu,S-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles , 2010 .

[51]  Toshiki Tsubota,et al.  Photocatalytic Hydrogen or Oxygen Evolution from Water over S- or N-Doped TiO2 under Visible Light , 2008 .

[52]  L. Palmisano,et al.  Pyrolysis study of sol—gel derived TiO2 powders: Part III. TiO2-anatase prepared by reacting titanium(IV) isopropoxide with acetic acid , 2004 .