REMOVAL OF VIRUSES FROM WATER BY CHEMICAL COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION

ther, although evidence is meager, it may be assumed that enteric viruses and other possible causative agents of viral gastroenteritis can be transmitted by drinking water.2 Although the process of chemical coagulation and flocculation has been used for many years in the treatment of water supplies, little is known of the basic physico-chemical principles involved in the removal of viruses by this unit process. There have been a number of studies made to determine the magnitude or effectiveness of virus removal by coagulation and flocculation ; removals ranging from less than 25 up to 99.9 per cent have been reported.8 As for the removal mechanism involved, it has been postulated that a coagulant metal ion-virus protein complex is formed as a result of the initial inter-

[1]  R. S. Engelbrecht,et al.  Virus Removal by Chemical Coagulation , 1969 .

[2]  J. Cookson.  MECHANISM OF VIRUS ADSORPTION ON ACTIVATED CARBON , 1969 .

[3]  Gordon G. Robeck,et al.  Effectiveness of Water Treatment Processes in Virus Removal [with Discussion] , 1962 .

[4]  R. Woodward,et al.  Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water by flocculation. II. Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses and the native bacteria in raw Ohio River water by flocculation with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride. , 1958, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[5]  R. Woodward,et al.  Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water by flocculation. I. Removal of Coxsackie and bacterial viruses in water of known chemical content by flocculation with aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride under various testing conditions. , 1958, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[6]  F. W. Gilcreas,et al.  Relation of Coliform-Organism Test to Enteric-Virus Pollution. , 1955 .

[7]  P. Isaac,et al.  Studies on destruction of bacterial virus. III. Dynamics of the removal of bacterial virus (bacteriophage against Micrococcus pyogenes var. albus) in water by flocculation with aluminum sulfate. , 1953, American journal of hygiene.

[8]  J Stokes,et al.  Inactivation of the Virus of Infectious Hepatitis in Drinking Water. , 1947, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[9]  M. Soule,et al.  Effect of Aluminum Hydroxide Sedimentation, Sand Filtration and Chlorination on the Virus of Poliomyelitis. , 1942, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[10]  G. M. Ridenour,et al.  Efficacy of Standard Purification Methods in Removing Poliomyelitis Virus from Water. , 1942, American journal of public health and the nation's health.