Static and dynamic characteristics of grinding machine column structure experientially designed are studied based on finite element models. Then propose structure modifications, analyze characteristics, and select the better one. Study the natural frequency changes in the sensitivity of the wall thickness and rib thickness, and determine the parameters to be optimized. Expert Design software is used to finish experimental design of the parameters, and establish the second-order response surface model. So far a multi-objective optimization model is set up easily. Here using the corresponding ideal point method with relative squared weighting method transforms it into a single - objective one. Some optimal design schemes are received by changing the weight coefficients. ANSYS simulation demonstrates that the result of optimized design is satisfied and the design method is suitable.