A Dct-Based Image Watermarking With Threshold Embedding

Abstract A discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based watermarking in grey-level image for copyright protection is proposed. The watermark is embedded into the host image by modifying DCT coefficients according to absolute value threshold. To survive lossy data compression, water-mark information is inserted into low-frequency components. The algorithm is simple and the watermark is self-extractable. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is resistant to some image-processing operations, such as cropping, filtering, scaling, DWT-based compression, and JPEG compression with high-compression ratio.

[1]  Lawrence O'Gorman,et al.  Protecting ownership rights through digital watermarking , 1996 .

[2]  Shinfeng D. Lin,et al.  A robust DCT-based watermarking for copyright protection , 2000, 2000 Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on Consumer Electronics. Nineteenth in the Series (Cat. No.00CH37102).

[3]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  A method for signature casting on digital images , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[4]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[5]  Ja-Ling Wu,et al.  Multiresolution watermarking for digital images , 1998 .

[6]  Ja-Ling Wu,et al.  Hidden digital watermarks in images , 1999, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[7]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain , 1998, Signal Process..

[8]  C. F. Osborne,et al.  A digital watermark , 1994, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing.

[9]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[10]  Frank Bossen,et al.  Digital watermarking of color images using amplitude modulation , 1998, J. Electronic Imaging.

[11]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  A method for watermark casting on digital image , 1998, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[12]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Transparent robust image watermarking , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[13]  Walter Bender,et al.  Techniques for Data Hiding , 1996, IBM Syst. J..

[14]  Edward J. Delp,et al.  A watermark for digital images , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[15]  Francis M. Boland,et al.  Phase watermarking of digital images , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.