The clinical and prognostic value of polo-like kinase 1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients: immunohistochemical analysis

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has been suggested to serve as an oncogene in most human cancers. The aim of our study is to present more evidence about the clinical and prognostic value of PLK1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. The status of PLK1 was observed in lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lung tissues through analyzing microarray dataset (GEO accession numbers: GSE1213 and GSE 3627). PLK1 mRNA and protein expressions were detected in lung squamous cell carcinoma and normal lung tissues by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In our results, the levels of PLK1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues were higher than that in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Compared with paired adjacent normal lung tissues, the PLK1 expression was increased in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, high expression of PLK1 protein was correlated with differentiated degree, clinical stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed PLK1 protein high expression was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for lung squamous cell carcinoma patients. In conclusion, high expression of PLK1 is associated with the aggressive progression and poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.

[1]  Eric W Prince,et al.  Polo-like Kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma , 2016, BMC Cancer.

[2]  R. Matkowski,et al.  Augmented expression of Polo-like kinase 1 is a strong predictor of shorter cancer-specific overall survival in early stage breast cancer at 15-year follow-up , 2016, Oncology letters.

[3]  A. Cebrián,et al.  PLK-1 Expression is Associated with Histopathological Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy of Hepatic Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma , 2016, Pathology & Oncology Research.

[4]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer statistics in China, 2015 , 2016, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[5]  K. Dev,et al.  Functions of Polo-Like Kinases: A Journey From Yeast To Humans. , 2016, Protein and peptide letters.

[6]  M. Kasner,et al.  Polo‐like kinase and its inhibitors: Ready for the match to start? , 2015, American journal of hematology.

[7]  J. Kolesar,et al.  Role of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. , 2015, American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

[8]  C. S. Lee,et al.  Upregulated Polo-Like Kinase 1 Expression Correlates with Inferior Survival Outcomes in Rectal Cancer , 2015, PloS one.

[9]  A. Jemal,et al.  Global cancer statistics, 2012 , 2015, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[10]  Xia Li,et al.  Misregulation of polo-like protein kinase 1, P53 and P21WAF1 in epithelial ovarian cancer suggests poor prognosis. , 2015, Oncology reports.

[11]  T. Rana,et al.  Therapeutic targeting of polo-like kinase 1 using RNA-interfering nanoparticles (iNOPs) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer , 2015, Oncotarget.

[12]  Hongzhuan Yin,et al.  High Expression of Polo-Like Kinase 1 Is Associated with Early Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma , 2014, International journal of genomics.

[13]  G. Reid,et al.  An RNAi-based screen reveals PLK1, CDK1 and NDC80 as potential therapeutic targets in malignant pleural mesothelioma , 2013, British Journal of Cancer.

[14]  H. Yim Current clinical trials with polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors in solid tumors , 2013, Anti-cancer drugs.

[15]  Guojun Zhang,et al.  High expression of polo-like kinase 1 is associated with the metastasis and recurrence in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. , 2013, Urologic oncology.

[16]  S. Yip,et al.  Personalizing the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma: Polo-like kinase 1 as a molecular target in high-risk children. , 2013, Cancer research.

[17]  V. Feher,et al.  Discovery of TAK-960: an orally available small molecule inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). , 2013, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[18]  Emmanuel Barillot,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1: a potential therapeutic option in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. , 2013, Cancer research.

[19]  Zhu Yuan,et al.  Enhanced gemcitabine-mediated cell killing of human lung adenocarcinoma by vector-based RNA interference against PLK1. , 2012, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[20]  T. Hazbun,et al.  Plk1 Phosphorylation of Orc2 and Hbo1 Contributes to Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer , 2012, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[21]  Jing Liu,et al.  MicroRNA-100 is a potential molecular marker of non-small cell lung cancer and functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting polo-like kinase 1 , 2012, BMC Cancer.

[22]  A. Sharrocks,et al.  The FOXM1-PLK1 axis is commonly upregulated in oesophageal adenocarcinoma , 2012, British Journal of Cancer.

[23]  Xiao-wei Zhu,et al.  Clinicopathological significance of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) expression in human malignant glioma. , 2012, Acta histochemica.

[24]  James M. Gallo,et al.  Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Novel Anticancer Agents, ON01910.Na (Rigosertib, Estybon™) and ON013105, for Brain Tumor Chemotherapy , 2012, Pharmaceutical Research.

[25]  M. Zheng,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and participates in the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells , 2012, Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research.

[26]  Carlota Costa,et al.  Pharmacogenetics of EGFR in lung cancer: perspectives and clinical applications. , 2012, Pharmacogenomics.

[27]  A. Thompson,et al.  Immunohistochemical detection of Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in primary breast cancer is associated with TP53 mutation and poor clinical outcome , 2012, Breast Cancer Research.

[28]  Michael D. Taylor,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition suppresses cell growth and enhances radiation sensitivity in medulloblastoma cells , 2012, BMC Cancer.

[29]  A. Isacchi,et al.  NMS-P937, an Orally Available, Specific Small-Molecule Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitor with Antitumor Activity in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies , 2012, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.

[30]  G. Wood,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is expressed by cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs), and its downregulation promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis , 2011, Cell cycle.

[31]  G. Wood,et al.  Polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma , 2011, The British journal of dermatology.

[32]  T. Yap,et al.  Phase I Study of GSK461364, a Specific and Competitive Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies , 2011, Clinical Cancer Research.

[33]  F. Berthold,et al.  Polo-Like Kinase 1 is a Therapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma , 2010, Clinical Cancer Research.

[34]  Zhuling Yang,et al.  [Expression of checkpoint kinase 1 and polo-like kinase 1 and its clinicopathological significance in benign and malignant lesions of the stomach]. , 2010, Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences.

[35]  C. Rödel,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1 as predictive marker and therapeutic target for radiotherapy in rectal cancer. , 2010, The American journal of pathology.

[36]  Birgit Gaschler-Markefski,et al.  The Efficacy and Safety of BI 2536, a Novel Plk-1 Inhibitor, in Patients with Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who Had Relapsed after, or Failed, Chemotherapy: Results from an Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial , 2010, Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

[37]  Matthias Evert,et al.  Oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of polo‐like kinases in human hepatocellular carcinoma , 2010, Hepatology.

[38]  Y. Degenhardt,et al.  Targeting Polo-like Kinase in Cancer Therapy , 2010, Clinical Cancer Research.

[39]  X. Miao,et al.  Overexpression of polo-like kinase1 predicts a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. , 2009, World journal of gastroenterology.

[40]  G. Adolf,et al.  BI 6727, A Polo-like Kinase Inhibitor with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile and Broad Antitumor Activity , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.

[41]  R. Kaiser,et al.  Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of BI 2536, a novel Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[42]  S. Lippman,et al.  Lung cancer. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[43]  Min Zhang,et al.  Polo-Like Kinase 1 as a New Target for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Treatment , 2008, Oncology.

[44]  Haiyang Xie,et al.  [Expression and prognostic value of Polo-like kinase 1, E-cadherin in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. , 2007, Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery].

[45]  Y. S. Kim,et al.  Oncogenic effect of Polo-like kinase 1 expression in human gastric carcinomas. , 2006, International journal of oncology.

[46]  D. V. Von Hoff,et al.  A Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of HMN-214, a Novel Oral Stilbene Derivative with Polo-Like Kinase-1–Interacting Properties, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors , 2006, Clinical Cancer Research.

[47]  W. Weichert,et al.  Expression patterns of polo‐like kinase 1 in human gastric cancer , 2006, Cancer science.

[48]  N. Ahmad,et al.  Polo‐like kinase (Plk) 1 as a target for prostate cancer management , 2005, IUBMB life.

[49]  W. Weichert,et al.  Polo-like kinase 1 expression is a prognostic factor in human colon cancer. , 2005, World journal of gastroenterology.

[50]  Shinichiro Wachi,et al.  Interactome-transcriptome analysis reveals the high centrality of genes differentially expressed in lung cancer tissues , 2005, Bioinform..

[51]  W. Weichert,et al.  Overexpression of Polo-Like Kinase 1 Is a Common and Early Event in Pancreatic Cancer , 2005, Pancreatology.

[52]  W. Weichert,et al.  Polo-like kinase isoforms in breast cancer: expression patterns and prognostic implications , 2005, Virchows Archiv.

[53]  M. Bai,et al.  [Effect of antisense RNA targeting Polo-like kinase 1 on cell cycle of lung cancer cell line A549]. , 2005, Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer.

[54]  Michael B Yaffe,et al.  Structure and function of Polo-like kinases , 2005, Oncogene.

[55]  M. Bai,et al.  Effect of antisense RNA targeting polo-like kinase 1 on cell cycle and proliferation in A549 cells. , 2004, Chinese medical journal.

[56]  S. Sugano,et al.  Expression profiling and differential screening between hepatoblastomas and the corresponding normal livers: identification of high expression of the PLK1 oncogene as a poor-prognostic indicator of hepatoblastomas , 2004, Oncogene.

[57]  S. Loening,et al.  Polo‐like kinase 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and linked to higher tumor grades , 2004, The Prostate.

[58]  M. Tsao,et al.  Identification of human polo-like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. , 2004, Molecular cancer therapeutics.

[59]  Jianjun Cheng,et al.  Targeted delivery of RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme (DNAzyme) to tumor tissue by transferrin-modified, cyclodextrin-based particles , 2004, Cancer biology & therapy.

[60]  W. Weichert,et al.  Polo-like kinase isoform expression is a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma , 2004, British Journal of Cancer.

[61]  Takao Takahashi,et al.  Polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in primary colorectal cancers , 2003, Cancer science.

[62]  E. Nigg,et al.  Cell cycle regulation of the activity and subcellular localization of Plk1, a human protein kinase implicated in mitotic spindle function , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[63]  L. Y. Wang,et al.  Clinical utility of pulsed Doppler in the detection of arterioportal shunting in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma , 1992, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[64]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer statistics, 2017 , 2017, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[65]  Chengming Ding,et al.  miR-296-5p suppresses cell viability by directly targeting PLK1 in non-small cell lung cancer. , 2016, Oncology reports.

[66]  Craig E. Grossman Non-small Cell Lung Cancer , 2016 .

[67]  H. Haibo,et al.  miR-296-5 p suppresses cell viability by directly targeting PLK 1 in non-small cell lung cancer , 2015 .

[68]  P. Ellis,et al.  A phase I open-label dose-escalation study of intravenous BI 2536 together with pemetrexed in previously treated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. , 2013, Clinical lung cancer.

[69]  S. Yip,et al.  Personalizing the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma: Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) as a molecular target for high-risk children. , 2013 .

[70]  Xuan Pan,et al.  Overexpression of polo-like kinase 1 and its clinical significance in human non-small cell lung cancer. , 2012, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[71]  A. Isacchi,et al.  Preclinical Development NMSP 937 , an Orally Available , Speci fi c Small-Molecule Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitor with Antitumor Activity in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies , 2012 .

[72]  A. Jemal,et al.  Global cancer statistics , 2011, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[73]  Holger Sültmann,et al.  Global gene expression analysis reveals specific patterns of cell junctions in non-small cell lung cancer subtypes. , 2009, Lung cancer.

[74]  Y. Qu,et al.  [Polo like kinase 1 expression and prognostic value in gastric carcinomas]. , 2007, Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery.

[75]  B. Ming Effect of antisense RNA targeting Polo-like kinase 1 on cell growth in A549 lung cancer cells , 2007 .

[76]  W. Dai,et al.  Polo-like kinases and the microtubule organization center: targets for cancer therapies. , 2003, Progress in cell cycle research.

[77]  H. Hansen,et al.  Lung cancer. , 1990, Cancer chemotherapy and biological response modifiers.

[78]  N. Dubrawsky Cancer statistics , 1989, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[79]  D. Woodfield Hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1986, The New Zealand medical journal.