Interdependency Modeling in Smart Grid and the Influence of ICT on Dependability

The smart grid is a complex system consisting of interdependent power grid and information and communication (ICT) components. Complex systems have different properties than simple networks and give raise to new risks and failure types. In this paper, we study the dependencies in smart grid and the influence ICT may have on the dependability. We start with giving a categorization of the smart grid components and define state machines for these categories and for smart grid services. Then we investigate their interactions and interdependencies from a dependability perspective. Further, we investigate the positive and negative effects ICT can have on the dependability of the system. Finally, we introduce a meta-model which incorporates the information about the states of the components and services to create a state estimator for the smart grid considering ICT and power components.

[1]  I. Kamwa,et al.  Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[2]  David Clark,et al.  Safety and Security Analysis of Object-Oriented Models , 2002, SAFECOMP.

[3]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Stochastic Reward Nets for Reliability Prediction , 1996 .

[4]  F. Bouffard,et al.  Keeping the lights on and the information flowing , 2009, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[5]  M. Amin,et al.  National infrastructure as complex interactive networks , 2000 .

[6]  Anjan Bose.  Models and techniques for the reliability analysis of the smart grid , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[7]  Xi Chen,et al.  An overall reliability and security assessment architecture for electric power communication network in Smart Grid , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.

[8]  Carl E. Landwehr,et al.  Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

[9]  Jean-Claude Laprie,et al.  Modelling Interdependencies Between the Electricity and Information Infrastructures , 2007, SAFECOMP.

[10]  James P. Peerenboom,et al.  Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies , 2001 .

[11]  G. Manimaran,et al.  An Information Architecture for Future Power Systems and Its Reliability Analysis , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[12]  Sergey V. Buldyrev,et al.  Critical effect of dependency groups on the function of networks , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[13]  Poul E. Heegaard,et al.  A combined structural and dynamic modelling approach for dependability analysis in smart grid , 2013, SAC '13.

[14]  Chanan Singh,et al.  Reliability assurance of cyber-physical power systems , 2010, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[15]  Richard G. Little,et al.  Toward more robust infrastructure: observations on improving the resilience and reliability of critical systems , 2003, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the.

[16]  Harry Eugene Stanley,et al.  Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks , 2009, Nature.