Grouping Situations Based on their Psychological Characteristics Gives Insight into Personal Values

Support agents are investigated more and more as a way of assisting people in carrying out daily tasks. Support agents should be flexible in adapting their support to what their user needs. Research suggests that the situation someone is in affects their behaviour, however its effect has not been incorporated in the decision making of support agents. Modelling the characteristics of situations explicitly and studying their effect on internal perceptions of the user, such as their personal values, would enable support agents to provide more personalized support. We propose a method which groups situations according to their psychological characteristics, and in turn determines which personal values of the user would be promoted or demoted in each group of situations. To do this, we conduct a user study to gather data from participants about situations that they encounter in their daily lives. Results show that the created groups of situations significantly promote or demote certain personal values. This approach can allow support agents to help the user in a way which is in line with their personal values.

[1]  Jadwiga Indulska,et al.  A survey of context modelling and reasoning techniques , 2010, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[2]  M. Birna van Riemsdijk,et al.  A Value-Centric Model to Ground Norms and Requirements for ePartners of Children , 2013, COIN@AAMAS/PRIMA.

[3]  Arkady B. Zaslavsky,et al.  Towards a theory of context spaces , 2004, IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2004. Proceedings of the Second.

[4]  Mica R. Endsley,et al.  Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems , 1995, Hum. Factors.

[5]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  Who's That? - Social Situation Awareness for Behaviour Support Agents - A Feasibility Study , 2019, EMAS@AAMAS.

[6]  Lawrence A. Pervin,et al.  A free-response description approach to the analysis of person-situation interaction. , 1976 .

[7]  Fabiola H. Gerpott,et al.  How Do People Think About Interdependence? A Multidimensional Model of Subjective Outcome Interdependence , 2017, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[8]  S. Schwartz.  An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values , 2012 .

[9]  John A. Edwards,et al.  The structure of perceived qualities of situations , 2005 .

[10]  Matthias Ziegler,et al.  The Situational Eight DIAMONDS: a taxonomy of major dimensions of situation characteristics. , 2014, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[11]  Michael Winikoff,et al.  No Pizza for You: Value-based Plan Selection in BDI Agents , 2017, IJCAI.

[12]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Querying Social Practices in Hospital Context , 2018, ICAART.

[13]  H J Muller,et al.  Human Values. , 1958, Science.

[14]  Alan Hanjalic,et al.  The influence of personal values on music taste: towards value-based music recommendations , 2019, RecSys.

[15]  Simon A. Dobson,et al.  Situation identification techniques in pervasive computing: A review , 2012, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[16]  John F. Rauthmann,et al.  Measuring the Situational Eight DIAMONDS Characteristics of Situations An Optimization of the RSQ-8 to the S8* , 2016 .

[17]  Alan Borning,et al.  Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems , 2020, The Ethics of Information Technologies.

[18]  P. Lazarsfeld.  Principles of Topological Psychology , 1938 .

[19]  Nancy Cantor,et al.  A prototype analysis of psychological situations , 1982, Cognitive Psychology.

[20]  Stathes Hadjiefthymiades,et al.  Situational computing: An innovative architecture with imprecise reasoning , 2007, J. Syst. Softw..

[21]  Franziska Klügl-Frohnmeyer.  Using the affordance concept for model design in agent-based simulation , 2016, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[22]  S. Schwartz.  Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries , 1992 .

[23]  Varol Akman,et al.  Steps Toward Formalizing Context , 1996, AI Mag..

[24]  Mark A. Neerincx,et al.  Design Guidelines for a Virtual Coach for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Patients , 2014, IVA.

[25]  K. Himma.  The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics , 2007 .

[26]  David C. Funder,et al.  Properties of persons and situations related to overall and distinctive personality-behavior congruence , 2012 .

[27]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  What Should I Do? Deriving Norms from Actions, Values and Context , 2018, MRC@IJCAI.

[28]  M. Rokeach.  The Nature Of Human Values , 1974 .

[29]  Karen L. Myers,et al.  Proactivity in an Intentionally Helpful Personal Assistive Agent , 2007, AAAI Spring Symposium: Intentions in Intelligent Systems.

[30]  Gaël Varoquaux,et al.  Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python , 2011, J. Mach. Learn. Res..