Two-Dimensional Beam Tracing from Visibility Diagrams for Real-Time Acoustic Rendering

We present an extension of the fast beam-tracing method presented in the work of Antonacci et al. (2008) for the simulation of acoustic propagation in reverberant environments that accounts for diffraction and diffusion. More specifically, we show how visibility maps are suitable for modeling propagation phenomena more complex than specular reflections. We also show how the beam-tree lookup for path tracing can be entirely performed on visibility maps as well. We then contextualize such method to the two different cases of channel (point-to-point) rendering using a headset, and the rendering of a wave field based on arrays of speakers. Finally, we provide some experimental results and comparisons with real data to show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the approach in simulating the soundfield in an environment.

[1]  W. Marsden I and J , 2012 .

[2]  Augusto Sarti,et al.  RENDERING OF AN ACOUSTIC BEAM THROUGH AN ARRAY OF LOUDSPEAKERS , 2009 .

[3]  A. Kludszuweit TIME ITERATIVE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD (TIBEM) : EIN NEUES NUMERISCHES VERFAHREN DER 4-DIMENSIONALEN SYSTEMANALYSE VON WELLENVORGANGEN ZUR BERECHNUNG DER RAUMIMPULSANTWORT , 1991 .

[4]  David G. Kirkpatrick,et al.  The geometry of beam tracing , 1985, SCG '85.

[5]  Dana S. Hougland,et al.  Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound , 1996 .

[6]  Kevin Barraclough,et al.  I and i , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[7]  U. Svensson,et al.  An analytic secondary source model of edge diffraction impulse responses , 1999 .

[8]  J. H. Rindel,et al.  The Use of Computer Modeling in Room Acoustics , 2000 .

[9]  Augusto Sarti,et al.  Soundfield rendering with loudspeaker arrays through multiple beam shaping , 2009, 2009 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics.

[10]  Simon N. Chandler-Wilde,et al.  Boundary element methods for acoustics , 2007 .

[11]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[12]  Thomas A. Funkhouser,et al.  SIGGRAPH 2002 Course Notes "Sounds Good to Me!" Computational Sound for Graphics, Virtual Reality, and Interactive Systems , 2002 .

[13]  Denis Lafarge,et al.  Measurement and prediction of the reflection coefficient of porous layers at oblique incidence and for inhomogeneous waves , 1996 .

[14]  Samuli Laine,et al.  Accelerated beam tracing algorithm , 2009 .

[15]  John Vanderkooy,et al.  Transfer-Function Measurement with Maximum-Length Sequences , 1989 .

[16]  Pat Hanrahan,et al.  Beam tracing polygonal objects , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[17]  Heinrich Kuttruff,et al.  Room acoustics , 1973 .

[18]  Thomas A. Funkhouser,et al.  A beam tracing approach to acoustic modeling for interactive virtual environments , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[19]  Tapio Lokki,et al.  An Efficient Auralization of Edge Diffraction , 2002 .

[20]  J. Keller,et al.  Geometrical theory of diffraction. , 1962, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[21]  J. Walsh,et al.  What are we waiting for? The development of Godot, II , 1982 .

[22]  Sven‐Ingvar Thomasson Reflection of waves from a point source by an impedance boundary , 1976 .

[23]  A. Krokstad,et al.  Calculating the acoustical room response by the use of a ray tracing technique , 1968 .

[24]  Michael Christopher Monks,et al.  Acoustic Simulatin and Visualization Using a New Unified Beam Tracing and Image Source Approach , 1996 .

[25]  M. Kleiner,et al.  Computation of edge diffraction for more accurate room acoustics auralization. , 2001, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[26]  N. Lalor,et al.  Analysis of interior acoustic fields using the finite element method and the boundary element method , 1995 .

[27]  Thomas A. Funkhouser,et al.  Modeling acoustics in virtual environments using the uniform theory of diffraction , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[28]  Thomas A. Funkhouser,et al.  Real-time acoustic modeling for distributed virtual environments , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[29]  Augusto Sarti,et al.  Fast Tracing of Acoustic Beams and Paths Through Visibility Lookup , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing.

[30]  T. Lewers,et al.  A combined beam tracing and radiatn exchange computer model of room acoustics , 1993 .

[31]  C. Nocke In-situ acoustic impedance measurement using a free-field transfer function method , 2000 .

[32]  Derek A. McNamara,et al.  Introduction to the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction , 1990 .

[33]  R. D. Ciskowski,et al.  Boundary element methods in acoustics , 1991 .

[34]  A. Sarti,et al.  SOUND SPATIALIZATION BASED ON FAST BEAM TRACING IN THE DUAL SPACE , 2003 .

[35]  R. Kouyoumjian,et al.  A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface , 1974 .

[36]  M. Biot,et al.  Formulation of Wave Propagation in Infinite Media by Normal Coordinates with an Application to Diffraction , 1957 .

[37]  A. J. Berkhout,et al.  A Holographic Approach to Acoustic Control , 1988 .

[38]  M. Kleiner,et al.  Measurement of Directional Scattering Coefficients Using Near-Field Acoustic Holography and Spatial Transformation of Sound Fields , 1997 .