Formal Models and Hybrid Approaches for Efficient Manual Image Annotation and Retrieval

Although.important.in.practice,.manual.image.annotation.and.retrieval.has.rarely.been.studied.by.means. of.formal.modeling.methods..In.this.chapter,.the.authors.propose.a.set.of.formal.models.to.characterize.the.annotation.times.for.two.commonly-used.manual.annotation.approaches,.that.is,.tagging.and. browsing..Based.on.the.complementary.properties.of.these.models,.the.authors.design.new.hybrid.approaches, called frequency-based annotation and learning-based annotation, to improve the efficiency of.manual.image.annotation.as.well.as.retrieval..Both.our.simulation.and.experimental.results.show.that. the.proposed.algorithms.can.achieve.up.to.a.50%.reduction.in.annotation.time.over.baseline.methods. for manual image annotation, and produce significantly better annotation and retrieval results in the same.amount.of.time.