Another reply to Truscott on error correction: Improved situated designs over statistics

Abstract Apart from the focus on error correction for language accuracy in L2 writing being very narrow, I argue that research design questions are much more important than statistical analyses, very often used to hide defects in the research. Furthermore, since error correction in L2 writing has a fundamental pedagogical purpose, it is necessary to situate research into L2 error correction in writing not only contextually, but also within a decision-making framework, which was the point in my earlier article ( Bruton, 2009a ). In addition to questioning many of Truscott’s arguments, including psycholinguistic, psychological, social and pedagogical issues, I believe there are two fundamentally different research questions: Is teacher response to errors alone in L2 writing necessarily the best feedback or the worst feedback for improvement in the accuracy of future L2 writing?

[1]  John Truscott,et al.  The effect of error correction on learners' ability to write accurately , 2007 .

[2]  Rod Ellis,et al.  Interpretation Tasks for Grammar Teaching , 1995 .

[3]  Harriet D. Semke Effects of the Red Pen , 1984 .

[4]  B. Laufer Vocabulary Acquisition in a Second Language: Do Learners Really Acquire Most Vocabulary by Reading? Some Empirical Evidence , 2003 .

[5]  Dana R. Ferris,et al.  ERROR FEEDBACK IN L2 WRITING CLASSES: HOW EXPLICIT DOES IT NEED TO BE? , 2001 .

[6]  Ken Sheppard Two Feedback Types: Do They Make A Difference? , 1992 .

[7]  John Truscott,et al.  Error correction, revision, and learning , 2008 .

[8]  Christine Goring. Kepner An Experiment in the Relationship of Types of Written Feedback to the Development of Second‐Language Writing Skills , 1991 .

[9]  Jean Chandler,et al.  THE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS KINDS OF ERROR FEEDBACK FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE ACCURACY AND FLUENCY OF L2 STUDENT WRITING , 2003 .

[10]  John Truscott,et al.  Further thoughts on Anthony Bruton’s critique of the correction debate , 2010 .

[11]  George D. Greenia Computers and Teaching Composition in a Foreign Language , 1992 .

[12]  Paul Westney Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar: Rules and pedagogical grammar , 1994 .

[13]  Rod Ellis,et al.  Interpretation-based grammar teaching , 1993 .

[14]  Steven J. Ross,et al.  SALIENCE OF FEEDBACK ON ERROR AND ITS EFFECT ON EFL WRITING QUALITY , 1986 .

[15]  J. Truscott What's Wrong with Oral Grammar Correction , 1999 .

[16]  Anthony Bruton,et al.  Process Writing and Communicative-Task-Based Instruction: Many Common Features, but More Common Limitations? , 2005 .

[17]  Davies Alan,et al.  Peter Strevens 1992-1989 , 1990 .

[18]  J. Hulstijn Intentional and incidental second-language vocabulary learning: A reappraisal of elaboration, rehearsal and automaticity , 2001 .

[19]  John Truscott,et al.  Review Article The Case Against Grammar Correction in L2 Writing Classes , 1996 .

[20]  Anthony Bruton,et al.  Vocabulary learning from dictionary referencing and language feedback in EFL translational writing , 2007 .

[21]  R. Waring,et al.  Incidental vocabulary acquisition from reading, reading-while-listening, and listening to stories , 2008 .

[22]  Rod Ellis,et al.  The effects of focused and unfocused written corrective feedback in an English as a foreign language context , 2008 .

[23]  Michael H. Long Focus on Form: A Design Feature in Language Teaching Methodology , 1991 .

[24]  Theodore V. Higgs,et al.  The Push Toward Communication. , 1982 .

[25]  Ron Cowan,et al.  Four Questions for Error Diagnosis and Correction in CALL. , 2003 .

[26]  Anthony Bruton,et al.  Designing research into the effects of grammar correction in L2 writing: Not so straightforward , 2009 .

[27]  Anthony Bruton,et al.  Partial Lexical Knowledge in Tests of Incidental Vocabulary Learning from L2 Reading , 2007 .

[28]  M. Swain Communicative competence : Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development , 1985 .

[29]  Peter Skehan,et al.  Modelling Second Language Performance: Integrating Complexity, Accuracy, Fluency, and Lexis , 2009 .

[30]  Lucy L Fazio,et al.  The Effect of Corrections and Commentaries on the Journal Writing Accuracy of Minority- and Majority-Language Students. , 2001 .

[31]  Taka-Yoshi Makino Learner self-correction in EFL written compositions , 1993 .

[32]  Anthony Bruton,et al.  Improving accuracy is not the only reason for writing, and even if it were… , 2009 .

[33]  Hüsnü Enginarlar,et al.  Student response to teacher feedback in EFL writing , 1993 .

[34]  John F. Lalande Reducing Composition Errors: An Experiment , 1982 .

[35]  Kenneth D. Chastain,et al.  Characteristics of Graded and Ungraded Compositions. , 1990 .

[36]  R. Ellis Task-based language teaching: sorting out the misunderstandings , 2009 .