[Cesarean section and association with intelligence quotient in adolescents: contribution from the RPS Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís), Brazil].

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a cesariana e o quociente de inteligência (QI) em adolescentes do Município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal utilizando dados da coorte de nascimento em São Luís, iniciado no ano de 1997. A abordagem ocorreu na terceira fase da coorte, em 2016, com adolescente aos 18 e 19 anos de idade. A variável de exposição foi a via de nascimento e a variável de desfecho foi o QI, mensurada a partir da aplicação da terceira versão da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos (WAIS-III). Na análise dos dados verificou-se a média do QI segundo as covariáveis e utilizou-se a regressão linear multivariada. Para controlar os fatores de confundimento foi elaborado um modelo teórico utilizando o gráfico acíclico dirigido. As variáveis confundidoras foram as socioeconômicas no momento do nascimento e as variáveis perinatais. A média do QI dos adolescentes foi 101,4. Na análise bruta, o QI dos adolescentes nascidos de cesariana foi 5,8 pontos maior em relação aos nascidos de parto vaginal (IC95%: 3,8; 7,7, p ≤ 0,001), com significância estatística. Na análise multivariada, o valor reduziu para 1,9 (IC95%: -0,5; 3,6, p = 0,141), sem significância estatística. O resultado do estudo mostrou que a cesariana não está associada ao QI dos adolescentes nessa amostra e reflete que as diferenças encontradas podem ser explicadas por outros fatores, como aspectos socioeconômicos e perinatais.

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