Employability: A review of the literature 2012-2016

s were reviewed and coded. The following codes drawn from the framework (HEA 2013, p. 2) were used: i. Confidence, resilience and adaptability ii. Experience and networks iii. Attributes and capabilities iv. Specialist technical and transferable skills v. Knowledge and application vi. Behaviours, qualities and values vii. Enterprise and entrepreneurship viii. Career guidance and management ix. Self, social and cultural awareness x. Reflection and articulation. 143 (following the removal of duplicates and items that appeared not to meet the objectives of the review). Three additional codes were also defined at this stage as: xi. Concepts and models xii. Policy-related xiii. Internationalisation In depth review of the documents by category by the research team was undertaken. During this phase some papers were rejected and others added to the coding frame based on searches of the grey literature and the researchers' own knowledge. 213 Following review the paper was written including all relevant materials NB: some papers included in the list of references below were out with the time-frame of the review and are therefore not included in this total. 187 The final database is available as a separate download https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/resource/employability-review-literature-2012-2016. Figure 1 sets out how the identified papers break down by year and suggests that interest in employability is continuing to rise. 2 Library Plus is a meta search engine which searches over a hundred databases including the British Education Index, British Library EThOS, Business Source Premier, Education Resource Information Centre, Australian Education, PsychINFO, etc.

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[3]  Leena Penttinen,et al.  Career repertoires of IT students: A group counselling case study in higher education , 2013, International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance.

[4]  Nick Wilton,et al.  Employability is in the eye of the beholder: Employer decision-making in the recruitment of work placement students , 2014 .

[5]  Robert Moon,et al.  How Enterprise Education Can Promote Deep Learning to Improve Student Employability , 2013 .

[6]  Claire Dickerson,et al.  Staff-student Partnership in Practice in Higher Education: The Impact on Learning and Teaching , 2013 .

[7]  M. Jollands,et al.  Project-based learning as a contributing factor to graduates’ work readiness , 2012 .

[8]  T. Tran,et al.  Is graduate employability the ‘whole-of-higher-education-issue’? , 2015 .

[9]  Georgina Andrews,et al.  Employability skills development: strategy, evaluation and impact , 2012 .

[10]  The ‘Blueprint’ framework for career management skills: a critical exploration , 2013 .

[11]  S. Eden.  Out of the comfort zone: enhancing work-based learning about employability through student reflection on work placements , 2014 .

[12]  Gerbrand Tholen.  What can research into graduate employability tell us about agency and structure? , 2015 .

[13]  S. Lee.  Massification without equalisation: the politics of higher education, graduate employment and social mobility in Hong Kong , 2016 .

[14]  Claire M. Gardiner.  From certificate chasing to genuine engagement: The contribution of curriculum design to students’ career intent in a subfield , 2015 .

[15]  C. Steele,et al.  A systematic review of current understandings of employability , 2016 .

[16]  Kevin A. Tate,et al.  An Exploration of First-Generation College Students’ Career Development Beliefs and Experiences , 2015 .

[17]  P. Creed,et al.  Career identity and the complex mediating relationships between career preparatory actions and career progress markers , 2015 .

[18]  Timothy Bartram,et al.  Contributing to a graduate-centred understanding of work readiness: An exploratory study of Australian undergraduate students' perceptions of their employability , 2015 .

[19]  R. Helyer,et al.  The Role of Work Experience in the Future Employability of Higher Education Graduates , 2014 .

[20]  M. C. Taveira,et al.  Developing career self-management skills: A study in higher education , 2013 .

[21]  Robert C. Jones.  Bridging the Gap: Engaging in Scholarship with Accountancy Employers to Enhance Understanding of Skills Development and Employability , 2014 .

[22]  Helen Walkington,et al.  Graduate attributes: implications for higher education practice and policy , 2016 .

[23]  Denise Jackson,et al.  Business Undergraduates' Perceptions of Their Capabilities in Employability Skills , 2012 .

[24]  Marjatta Lairio,et al.  Supporting students' pedagogical working life horizon in higher education , 2013 .

[25]  Zella King,et al.  Higher education as a portfolio investment: students' choices about studying, term time employment, leisure, and loans , 2013 .

[26]  J. Beishuizen,et al.  Career guidance and student success in Dutch higher vocational education , 2015 .

[27]  Michael B. Arthur,et al.  The boundaryless career , 2006 .

[28]  S. O’Leary.  Impact of Entrepreneurship Teaching in Higher Education on the Employability of Scientists and Engineers , 2012 .

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[31]  M. Savickas,et al.  CAREER CONSTRUCTION THEORY , 2005 .

[32]  Felix Weiss,et al.  The effects of work experience during higher education on labour market entry: learning by doing or an entry ticket? , 2014 .

[33]  Steve Rooney,et al.  Narrowing participation? Contesting the dominant discourse of employability in contemporary higher education , 2016 .

[34]  Martha Caddell,et al.  Workplaces and Policy Spaces: insights from Third Sector Internships Scotland , 2016 .

[35]  Cherry James.  Enhancing the QLD: internationalisation and employability: the benefits of Erasmus Intensive Programmes , 2013 .

[36]  A. Simon.  Quality assurance in university guidance services , 2014 .

[37]  C. Govender,et al.  A WORK INTEGRATED LEARNING PARTNERSHIP MODEL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATES TO GAIN EMPLOYMENT , 2015 .

[38]  Dieter Verhaest,et al.  Cross-country Differences in Graduate , 2012 .

[39]  M. Clark,et al.  A Bourdieusian approach to understanding employability: becoming a ‘fish in water’ , 2013 .

[40]  Edith Cowan,et al.  Self-assessment of employability skill outcomes among undergraduates and alignment with academic ratings , 2017 .

[41]  M. Tomlinson.  Graduate Employability: A Review of Conceptual and Empirical Themes , 2012, Higher Education Policy.

[42]  Sandra Acosta,et al.  Impact of participation in extra-curricular activities during college on graduate employability: an empirical study of graduates of Taiwanese business schools , 2014 .

[43]  P. Reddy,et al.  No regrets? Measuring the career benefits of a psychology placement year , 2012 .

[44]  Jeannie Daniels,et al.  Student identity development in higher education: implications for graduate attributes and work-readiness , 2014 .

[45]  Nancy K. Turner.  Development of self-belief for employability in higher education: ability, efficacy and control in context , 2014 .

[46]  J. Swain,et al.  A social constructivist approach to introducing skills for employment to Foundation Degree students , 2013 .

[47]  Ranjan Karri,et al.  Fostering Entrepreneurial Drive in Business Education: An Attitudinal Approach , 2007 .

[48]  T. Hooley,et al.  Maximising the impact of careers services on career management skills: a review of the literature , 2016 .

[49]  Giuseppe Moro,et al.  Evaluating the impact of the Erasmus programme: skills and European identity , 2015 .

[50]  H. Zacher,et al.  Career adaptability and career entrenchment , 2015 .

[51]  Cheryl Matherly,et al.  Higher Education and the Employability Agenda , 2015 .

[52]  Lucy Taksa,et al.  Cultural capital in business higher education: reconsidering the graduate attributes movement and the focus on employability , 2015 .

[53]  Nataša Lacković,et al.  The Contested Curriculum: Academic learning and employability in higher education , 2013 .

[54]  Denise Jackson,et al.  Testing a model of undergraduate competence in employability skills and its implications for stakeholders , 2014 .

[55]  Samo Pavlin.  The role of higher education in supporting graduates’ early labour market careers , 2014 .

[56]  Nigel Shadbolt.  Shadbolt review of computer sciences degree accreditationand graduate employability : April 2016 , 2016 .

[57]  K. Lee,et al.  Enhancing the link between higher education and employment , 2015 .

[58]  Calvin Smith,et al.  WIL curriculum design and student learning: a structural model of their effects on student satisfaction , 2014 .

[59]  M. Thorley.  Graduate meets employer – a model for embedding industry professional involvement in the development and assessment of student portfolios , 2014 .

[60]  Rachel Brooks,et al.  International education and the employability of UK students , 2012 .

[61]  G. Gbadamosi,et al.  Employability and students’ part‐time work in the UK: does self‐efficacy and career aspiration matter? , 2015 .

[62]  T. Leach.  Graduates’ experiences and perceptions of career enactment: identity, transitions, personal agency and emergent career direction , 2015 .

[63]  Vishanth Weerakkody,et al.  Identifying the trends and impact of graduate attributes on employability: a literature review , 2015 .

[64]  Gerbrand Tholen.  The Social Construction of Competition for Graduate Jobs: A Comparison between Great Britain and the Netherlands , 2013 .

[65]  M. Clements.  Contribution of the SPEED Programme to the Enhancement of an Enterprise Culture in a UK University , 2012 .

[66]  J. O'Mahony.  Enhancing Student Learning and Teacher Development in Transnational Education. , 2014 .

[67]  Matthew Lamb,et al.  Learning as a lifelong process - meeting the challenges of the changing employability landscape: competences, skills and knowledge for sustainable development , 2016 .

[68]  Michael D. Clements,et al.  Assessment guiding learning: developing graduate qualities in an experiential learning programme , 2013 .

[69]  Denise Jackson,et al.  Factors influencing job attainment in recent Bachelor graduates: evidence from Australia , 2014 .

[70]  L. D. Pool,et al.  Improving emotional intelligence and emotional self efficacy through a teaching intervention for university students. , 2012 .

[71]  D. Schoen.  The Reflective Practitioner , 1983 .

[72]  E. Wilson,et al.  The “Entrepreneurial Mindset” in Creative and Performing Arts Higher Education in Australia , 2022, Artivate.

[73]  João Albino Silva,et al.  A model of graduates׳ satisfaction and loyalty in tourism higher education: The role of employability , 2015 .

[74]  L. D. Pool,et al.  The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability , 2007 .

[75]  Angela Ellis Paine,et al.  Does volunteering improve employability? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey , 2013 .

[76]  Hugh P. Gunz,et al.  Boundaryless Careers: Bringing Back Boundaries , 2012 .

[77]  Wong Siew Chin,et al.  Factors Affecting Individual Career Management among Undergraduates in Higher Education Institutions , 2015 .

[78]  A. Kent,et al.  Making a difference with psychology: Reporting on a module to develop psychological literacy in final year undergraduates , 2015, Psychology Teaching Review.

[79]  Ben Goldsmith,et al.  Introduction: Creative graduate pathways within and beyond the creative industries , 2016 .

[80]  Alice L. Mauchline,et al.  Ability of students to recognize the relationship between using mobile apps for learning during fieldwork and the development of graduate attributes , 2016 .

[81]  S. Shanmugam,et al.  Developing 21st century graduate attributes: incorporating novel teaching strategies in a physiotherapy curriculum , 2016 .

[82]  Joseph Luca,et al.  A peer-to-peer support model for developing graduate students’ career and employability skills , 2012 .

[83]  Mantz Yorke.  Employability in higher education: what it is, what it is not , 2006 .

[84]  John Teale.  Improving Financial Planning Graduate Employability Through Enterprise Education , 2011 .

[85]  Núria Masferrer,et al.  Entrepreneurial Skills and Education-Job Matching of Higher Education Graduates , 2016 .

[86]  A. Morrison.  ‘You have to be well spoken’: students’ views on employability within the graduate labour market , 2014 .

[87]  Tristram Hooley,et al.  Graduate Dress Code , 2015 .

[88]  Evidence on Education to Career Transitions in the Financial and Accountancy Sector , 2015 .

[89]  Karen Burrows,et al.  Introducing enterprise – research into the practical aspects of introducing innovative enterprise schemes as extra curricula activities in higher education , 2013 .

[90]  Henrietta J. Standley.  International mobility placements enable students and staff in Higher Education to enhance transversal and employability-related skills. , 2015, FEMS microbiology letters.

[91]  J. Forsyth,et al.  The careers of sports graduates: Implications for employability strategies in higher education sports courses , 2014 .

[92]  N. Macdougall,et al.  An empirical study of self-perceived employability: Improving the prospects for student employment success in an uncertain environment , 2014 .

[93]  Paul Greenbank,et al.  Still focusing on the “essential 2:1”: exploring student attitudes to extra-curricular activities , 2015 .

[94]  N. Harris,et al.  Exploring the Process of Global Citizen Learning and the Student Mind-Set , 2015 .

[95]  P. Sloane,et al.  Job Mismatches and Labour Market Outcomes: Panel Evidence on University Graduates , 2013 .

[96]  S. O’Leary.  Integrating Employability into Degree Programmes Using Consultancy Projects as a Form of Enterprise , 2015 .

[97]  F. Christie.  Careers guidance and social mobility in UK higher education: practitioner perspectives , 2016 .

[98]  L. Ring,et al.  Placements: an underused vehicle for quality enhancement in higher education? , 2013 .

[99]  Mantz Yorke,et al.  Embedding employability into the curriculum , 2006 .

[100]  Jens F. Binder,et al.  The academic value of internships: Benefits across disciplines and student backgrounds , 2015 .

[101]  Adrian Bangerter,et al.  Students’ use of extra-curricular activities for positional advantage in competitive job markets , 2013 .

[102]  T. Hooley,et al.  Evaluating the impact of career management skills module and internship programme within a university business school , 2014 .

[103]  J. Jameson,et al.  Academic principles versus employability pressures: a modern power struggle or a creative opportunity? , 2012 .

[104]  Yi chun Lin,et al.  Are you a protean talent? The influence of protean career attitude, learning-goal orientation and perceived internal and external employability , 2015 .

[105]  Gabriela Grotkowska,et al.  Ivory-tower or market-oriented enterprise: the role of higher education institutions in shaping graduate employability in the domain of science , 2015 .

[106]  Melinde Coetzee,et al.  Measuring student graduateness: reliability and construct validity of the Graduate Skills and Attributes Scale , 2014 .

[107]  Denise Jackson,et al.  Developing career management competencies among undergraduates and the role of work-integrated learning , 2016 .

[108]  Developing business students’ employability skills through working in partnership with a local business to deliver an undergraduate mentoring programme , 2015 .

[109]  Paul Blackmore,et al.  Employability in Higher Education: A review of practice and strategies around the world , 2016 .

[110]  R. Raeside,et al.  The role of networking and social media tools during job search: an information behaviour perspective. , 2016 .

[111]  P. Bryła.  The Impact of International Student Mobility on Subsequent Employment and Professional Career: A Large-Scale Survey among Polish Former Erasmus Students , 2015 .

[112]  Despina Sidiropoulou-Dimakakou,et al.  Exploring Career Management Skills in Higher Education: Perceived Self-efficacy in Career, Career Adaptability and Career Resilience in Greek University Students , 2016 .

[113]  Linda Riebe,et al.  Impact of Industry Guest Speakers on Business Students' Perceptions of Employability Skills Development , 2013 .

[114]  F. Seddon,et al.  Programme recruitment and evaluation: the effect of an employability enhancement programme on the general self-efficacy levels of unemployed graduates , 2015 .

[115]  G. R. D. Moura,et al.  Employability in the first degree: The role of work placements on students' perceptions of graduate employability , 2014 .

[116]  Nick Wilton,et al.  The impact of work placements on skills development and career outcomes for business and management graduates , 2012 .

[117]  Robert A. Paton,et al.  Embedding enterprise education: a service based transferable skills framework , 2014 .

[118]  Susan Greener,et al.  Human capital or signalling, unpacking the graduate premium , 2014 .

[119]  Rui Brites,et al.  Brain drain and the disenchantment of being a higher education student in Portugal , 2016 .

[120]  Jeremy P. Smith,et al.  Graduate returns, degree class premia and higher education expansion in the UK , 2015 .

[121]  Yuzhuo Cai.  Graduate employability: a conceptual framework for understanding employers’ perceptions , 2012, Higher Education.