Instrument - Ergonomic issues (IEI) integrating mixed mode of research in instrument construction

Oil palm plantations operations are labour intensive. Due to its remote habitation, mechanization is difficult to implement. There are several issues related to ergonomics in oil palm plantations.In order to measure the causative factors of ergonomics quantitative measurements are hardly ever exists.A cross-country study was conducted to identify the root cause of ergonomics issues in oil palm plantations, with an objective of defining properly the concept ergonomics issues, contextualizing the topic to oil palm plantations.The study followed mixed methodology integrating quantitative methods. Following the triangulation method, the study followed grounded theory, case studies and Delphi to identify and fix the variables in relation to ergonomics issues and further to test, the reliability and validity the study followed factor analysis. The outcome of the study is the development of an instrument that to measure ergonomics issues in oil palm plantations

[1]  H-U Simon,et al.  Doing Grounded Theory , 2014 .

[2]  Naresh K. Malhotra,et al.  Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation , 1993 .

[3]  M B Schenker,et al.  Current health effects of agricultural work: respiratory disease, cancer, reproductive effects, musculoskeletal injuries, and pesticide-related illnesses. , 2002, Journal of agricultural safety and health.

[4]  B. Glaser.  Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory , 1978 .

[5]  B. G Ludwig,et al.  Predicting the future: Have you considered using the Delphi methodology , 1997 .

[6]  C. Pechura,et al.  From the Institute of Medicine. , 1993, JAMA.

[7]  N. Dalkey,et al.  An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts , 1963 .

[8]  P. Bazeley.  Issues in Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Research , 2004 .

[9]  Norman Crolee Dalkey,et al.  An experimental study of group opinion , 1969 .

[10]  G Rainbird,et al.  Occupational disorders affecting agricultural workers in tropical developing countries: results of a literature review. , 1995, Applied ergonomics.

[11]  Mary Sesto,et al.  CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN AGRICULTURE FOR PARTNERS IN AGRICULTURAL HEALTH , 2002 .

[12]  John E. Pfeiffer,et al.  New look at education : systems analysis in our schools and colleges , 1968 .

[13]  Ippei Mori,et al.  Ergonomics Observation: Harvesting Tasks at Oil Palm Plantation , 2013, Journal of occupational health.

[14]  Susan E Kotowski,et al.  Understanding the ergonomic risk for musculoskeletal disorders in the United States agricultural sector. , 2007, American journal of industrial medicine.

[15]  J. Cozad.  The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization , 1989 .

[16]  Susan E Kotowski,et al.  Investigation of Select Ergonomic Interventions for Farm Youth. Part 2: Wheelbarrows , 2009, Journal of agromedicine.

[17]  N. Burns,et al.  The practice of nursing research , 2013 .

[18]  F. Clark,et al.  A guide for instrument development and validation. , 1982, The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association.

[19]  A. V. D. Ven,et al.  Group Techniques for Program Planning , 1975 .

[20]  Lyn Richards,et al.  Applying qualitative methods to marketing management research , 2004 .

[21]  R. Sitgreaves.  Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). , 1979 .

[22]  Ellen Sullivan Mitcbell.  Multiple triangulation: a methodology for nursing science , 1986 .

[23]  David Meredith,et al.  Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers: A systematic review. , 2012, American journal of industrial medicine.

[24]  N. Dalkey.  STUDIES IN THE QUALITY OF LIFE; DELPHI AND DECISION-MAKING. , 1972 .

[25]  M. Adler,et al.  Gazing into the oracle : the Delphi method and its application to social policy and public health , 1996 .

[26]  A. Bryant.  Re-grounding Grounded Theory , 2002 .

[27]  Fadi A Fathallah,et al.  Musculoskeletal disorders in labor-intensive agriculture. , 2010, Applied ergonomics.

[28]  Xianggui Qu,et al.  Multivariate Data Analysis , 2007, Technometrics.

[29]  E. Mitchell,et al.  Multiple triangulation: a methodology for nursing science. , 1986, ANS. Advances in nursing science.

[30]  B. Bernard,et al.  Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back , 1997 .

[31]  Ruth Ellen Bulger,et al.  The Institute of Medicine , 1992, JAMA.

[32]  B. Glaser.  The Grounded Theory Perspective: Conceptualization Contrasted With Description , 2001 .

[33]  J. P. Peter.  Reliability: A Review of Psychometric Basics and Recent Marketing Practices , 1979 .

[34]  Rodney L. Custer,et al.  The Modified Delphi Technique - A Rotational Modification , 1999 .

[35]  Julie Pallant,et al.  SPSS survival manual : a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows , 2001, Behaviour Change.

[36]  Barbara G. Ludwig.  Internationalizing extension : an exploration of the characteristics evident in a state university extension system that achieves internationalization , 1994 .