Vibrational spectroscopy of hydrous components
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Water molecules, hydroxide ions and fluid inclusions are important
components of many natural systems, and are also prominent in a variety
of synthetic minerals and related technological materials. Water and OH
ions can be both a major component required by the mineral's
stoichiometry and an accidental trace component. The trace hydrous
species can have a disproportionately important role in the physical,
chemical, rheological, electronic and optical properties of the
material.
In minerals, hydrogen is most commonly bonded to oxygen. The
strongly polar OH groups absorb infrared photons efficiently. Furthermore,
if the OH groups are structurally oriented within the host, the
amount of incident radiation absorbed can be strongly dependent upon the
relative orientation of the OH dipole and the direction of linear polarization
of the interrogating light.
General discussions of the vibrational spectra of the water
molecule and the OH ion are presented in many general spectroscopy texts
such as Nakamoto (1978). The topic of the infrared spectroscopy of OH
and H_2O in minerals has been reviewed in Farmer (1974) and more recently
by Aines and Rossman (1984a).