Direct determination of aluminum content in seawater by electrothermal atomization-laser excited atomic fluorescence

Abstract The development of an analytical method for the direct determination of ultra trace content of aluminum in seawater by electrothermal atomization-laser excited atomic fluorescence (ETA-LEAF) using a pulsed Nd:Yag laser associated with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera is described. The good temporal reproducibility of the device and the fairly long lifetime of the selected Al radiation allowed optimization of the temporal parameters in the nanosecond range. After optimizing thermal and optical parameters, this potentiality allowed to reach a 100 fg detection limit (5 ng l−1). The method was developed within a multidisciplinary program involving chemical and physical applications, thereby demonstrating the versatility of the apparatus.

[1]  O. Axner,et al.  Detection of trace amounts of Ni by laser-induced fluorescence in graphite furnace with intensified charge coupled device , 1994 .

[2]  J. Winefordner,et al.  Use of laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a novel diffusive graphite tube electrothermal atomizer for the direct determination of silver in sea water and in solid reference materials , 1996 .

[3]  O. Axner,et al.  Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 1. Determination of optimum excitation and detection wavelengths , 1997 .

[4]  C. Alkemade.  Anomalous saturation curves in laser-induced fluorescence , 1985 .

[5]  I. Sekerka,et al.  Direct determination of lead in sea-waters by laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry , 1994 .

[6]  V. P. Ivanov,et al.  Shadow spectral fiming: a method of investigating electrothermal atomization. Part 2. Dynamics of formation and structure of the absorption layer of aluminium, indium and gallium molecules , 1992 .

[7]  O. Axner,et al.  Detection of titanium in electrothermal atomizers by laser-induced fluorescence. Part 2. Investigation of various types of atomizers , 1997 .

[8]  R. Wollast,et al.  Vertical distribution of dissolved aluminium in the mediterranean sea , 1979 .

[9]  R. Moore.  Oceanographic distributions of zinc, cadmium, copper and aluminium in waters of the central arctic☆ , 1981 .

[10]  J. P. Riley,et al.  The determination of aluminium in seawater and freshwater by cathodic stripping voltammetry , 1986 .

[11]  J. Cabon,et al.  La matrice eau de mer et le signal du cuivre en spectrometrie d'absorption atomique sans flamme: Partie 2: Proposition d'un schéma explicatif des phénomènes observés pour une eau de mer , 1987 .

[12]  P. Mauchien,et al.  Electrothermal atomization-laser induced fluorescence determination of iridium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold at the ng/l level in pure water , 1996 .

[13]  O. Axner,et al.  Direct detection of antimony in environmental and biological samples at trace concentrations by laser-induced fluorescence in graphite furnace with an intensified charge coupled device , 1995 .

[14]  J. Winefordner,et al.  Laser-excited atomic fluorescence of atoms produced in a graphite furnace , 1986 .

[15]  R. Michel,et al.  Spatial discrimination against background with different optical systems for collection of fluorescence in laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry with a graphite tube electrothermal atomizer. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  P. Giamarchi,et al.  Improvements in the determination of nanomolar concentrations of aluminium in seawater by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 2000 .

[17]  K. Bruland,et al.  The biogeochemistry of aluminum in the Pacific Ocean , 1986 .

[18]  R. Michel,et al.  Determination of ultra-trace amounts of cobalt in ocean water by laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite electrothermal atomizer with semi on-line flow injection preconcentration , 1994 .

[19]  X. Hou,et al.  Characterization of a tunable optical parametric oscillator laser system for multielement flame laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry of cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, and thallium in buffalo river sediment. , 1997, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  P. Mauchien,et al.  Characterization and reduction of silver matrix induced effects in the determination of gold, iridium, palladium, platinum and rhodium by graphite furnace laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry , 1996 .

[21]  J. Dougherty,et al.  Signal and noise considerations of non-dispersive laser-excited atomic fluorescence in a graphite tube atomiser with front-surface illumination , 1990 .

[22]  P. Giamarchi,et al.  Laser-induced fluorescence with an OPO system. Part I. Optimisation of the analytical system by use of experimental design methodology. Application to the direct quantification of traces of benzo[a]pyrene , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[23]  J. Resing,et al.  Fluorometric Determination of Al in Seawater by Flow Injection Analysis with In-Line Preconcentration , 1994 .

[24]  P. Mauchien,et al.  Imaging of analyte distribution in a graphite tube atomizer by laser induced fluorescence , 1996 .

[25]  Xiandeng Hou,et al.  Laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry — a review☆ , 2001 .

[26]  P. S. Doidge,et al.  A compendium and critical review of neutral atom resonance line oscillator strengths for atomic absorption analysis , 1995 .

[27]  P. B. Farnsworth,et al.  Computer modeling of collection efficiency of laser excited fluorescence from a graphite furnace , 1990 .

[28]  J. D. Winefordner,et al.  Novel uses of lasers in atomic spectroscopy. Plenary Lecture , 2000 .

[29]  B. V. L’vov,et al.  Detection limits in Zeeman-effect electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry , 1995 .

[30]  P. Mauchien,et al.  Real Sample Analysis by ETA-LEAFS with Background Correction: Application to Gold Determination in River Water , 1990 .

[31]  X. Hou,et al.  Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite furnace with an optical parametric oscillator laser for sequential multi-element determination of cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese and thallium in Buffalo river sediment , 1998 .