Headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

Headspace solvent microextraction (HSME) was shown to be an efficient preconcentration method for extraction of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous sample solutions. A microdrop of 1-butanol (as extracting solvent) containing biphenyl (as internal standard) was used in this investigation. Extraction occurred by suspending a 3 μl drop of 1-butanol from the tip of a microsyringe fixed above the surface of solution in a sealed vial. After extraction for a preset time, the microdrop was retracted back into the syringe and injected directly into a GC injection port. The effects of nature of extracting solvent, microdrop and sample temperatures, stirring rate, microdrop and sample volumes, ionic strength and extraction time on HSME efficiency were investigated and optimized. Finally, the enrichment factor, dynamic linear range (DLR), limit of detection (LOD) and precision of the method were evaluated by water samples spiked with PAHs. The optimized procedure was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of PAHs in different water samples.

[1]  Purnendu K. Dasgupta,et al.  Liquid Droplet. A Renewable Gas Sampling Interface , 1995 .

[2]  J. Pawliszyn,et al.  Effect of sample volume on quantitative analysis by solid-phase microextraction. Part 1. Theoretical considerations. , 1997, The Analyst.

[3]  J. Ai.  Solid-Phase Microextraction in Headspace Analysis. Dynamics in Non-Steady-State Mass Transfer , 1998 .

[4]  D. Djozan,et al.  Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography , 1999 .

[5]  M. Jeannot,et al.  Solvent microextraction into a single drop. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  R. Doong,et al.  Solid-phase microextraction for determining the distribution of sixteen US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  M. Galceran,et al.  The application of gas chromatography to environmental analysis , 2002 .

[8]  J. Ai.  Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction. Dynamics and Quantitative Analysis before Reaching a Partition Equilibrium , 1997 .

[9]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[10]  S. Dmitrienko,et al.  SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM AQUEOUS SAMPLES USING POLYURETHANE FOAMS IN CONNECTION WITH SOLID-MATRIX SPECTROFLUORIMETRY , 2001 .

[11]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Drop of Organic Solvent by Using a Conventional Microsyringe , 1997 .

[12]  B. Wenclawiak,et al.  Comparison of ASE and SFE with Soxhlet, Sonication, and Methanolic Saponification Extractions for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants in Marine Particulate Matter. , 1997, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  A. Cardoso,et al.  Analytical chemistry in a liquid film/droplet , 1995 .

[14]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Developments in single-drop microextraction , 2002 .

[15]  L. D. de Jager,et al.  Development of a rapid screening technique for organochlorine pesticides using solvent microextraction (SME) and fast gas chromatography (GC). , 2000, The Analyst.

[16]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Trace analysis of ten chlorinated benzenes in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[17]  P. Dasgupta,et al.  Analytical chemistry in a drop. Solvent extraction in a microdrop. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  Andrzej Przyjazny,et al.  Analytical characteristics of the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in water by headspace solvent microextraction. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[19]  N. Snow,et al.  The use of solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry for the determination of degradation products of volatile and semivolatile compounds , 2001 .

[20]  M. Jeannot,et al.  Headspace solvent microextraction. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  M. Fingas,et al.  Headspace solid phase microextraction (HSSPME) for the determination of volatile and semivolatile pollutants in soils. , 1999, Talanta.

[22]  V. Pino,et al.  Micellar microwave-assisted extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a certified marine sediment , 2003 .

[23]  V. Vickackaite,et al.  Headspace extraction of alcohols into a single drop , 2001 .

[24]  J. Wang,et al.  The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lubricating oil over time--a comparison of supercritical fluid and liquid-liquid extraction methods. , 2001, Environmental pollution.