New Methods to Evaluate Craniofacial Deformity and to Plan Surgical Correction.

The success of cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) surgery depends not only on surgical techniques, but also upon an accurate surgical plan. Unfortunately, traditional planning methods are often inadequate for planning complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities. To this end, we developed 3D computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) technique. Using our CASS method, we are able to treat patients with significant asymmetries in a single operation which in the past was usually completed in two stages. The purpose of this article is to introduce our CASS method in evaluating craniofacial deformities and planning surgical correction. In addition, we discuss the problems associated with the traditional surgical planning methods. Finally, we discuss the strength and pitfalls of using three-dimensional measurements to evaluate craniofacial deformity.

[1]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Development of a Technique for Recording and Transferring Natural Head Position in 3 Dimensions , 2010, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[2]  Henry K. Kawamoto,et al.  Surgical Correction of Dentofacial Deformities , 1988 .

[3]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Accuracy of the computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) system in the treatment of patients with complex craniomaxillofacial deformity: A pilot study. , 2007, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[4]  Filip Schutyser,et al.  The Use of a Wax Bite Wafer and a Double Computed Tomography Scan Procedure to Obtain a Three-Dimensional Augmented Virtual Skull Model , 2007, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[5]  Dongfeng Wang,et al.  Three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[6]  J. Gateno,et al.  Computer Planning for Distraction Osteogenesis , 2000, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[7]  R Kikinis,et al.  Development of a three-dimensional treatment planning system based on computed tomographic data. , 2002, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[8]  James J Xia,et al.  Image-guided minimally invasive surgical access to the temporomandibular joint: A preliminary report. , 2006, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[9]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  A new technique for the creation of a computerized composite skull model. , 2003, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[10]  W. Bell,et al.  Modern practice in orthognathic and reconstructive surgery , 1993 .

[11]  Alexander Schramm,et al.  Transient Myopia as a Complication after Complex Orbital Reconstructions with Computer-Assisted Navigation Surgery , 2008, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[12]  W. Bell,et al.  Distraction Osteogenesis of the Facial Skeleton , 2006 .

[13]  F L Bookstein,et al.  The three-dimensional cephalogram: theory, technique, and clinical application. , 1988, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[14]  J. English,et al.  Mosby's Orthodontic Review , 2008 .

[15]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Cost-effectiveness analysis for computer-aided surgical simulation in complex cranio-maxillofacial surgery. , 2006, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[16]  B H Grayson,et al.  Basilar multiplane cephalometric analysis. , 1985, American journal of orthodontics.

[17]  N Samman,et al.  Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planing and simulation. 3D soft tissue planning and prediction. , 2000, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[18]  E Luo Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation for condylar reconstruction in patients with osteochondroma , 2011 .

[19]  J. Gateno,et al.  A comparison of 3 methods of face-bow transfer recording: implications for orthognathic surgery. , 2001, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[20]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  A new method to orient 3-dimensional computed tomography models to the natural head position: a clinical feasibility study. , 2011, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[21]  Proffit Wr,et al.  The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina. , 1997 .

[22]  G. Swennen,et al.  The use of a new 3D splint and double CT scan procedure to obtain an accurate anatomic virtual augmented model of the skull. , 2007, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[23]  Filip Schutyser,et al.  A New Method of 3-D Cephalometry Part I: The Anatomic Cartesian 3-D Reference System , 2006, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[24]  F Bookstein,et al.  Analysis of craniofacial asymmetry by multiplane cephalometry. , 1983, American journal of orthodontics.

[25]  E Ellis,et al.  Accuracy of face-bow transfer: effect on surgical prediction and postsurgical result. , 1992, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[26]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Three-Dimensional Surgical Planning for Maxillary and Midface Distraction Osteogenesis , 2003, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[27]  M L Messersmith,et al.  An in vitro study of the accuracy of a new protocol for planning distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. , 2000, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[28]  G. Santler,et al.  3-D COSMOS: a new 3-D model based computerised operation simulation and navigation system. , 2000, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[29]  N Samman,et al.  Three-dimensional virtual reality surgical planning and simulation workbench for orthognathic surgery. , 2000, The International journal of adult orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.

[30]  N Samman,et al.  Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D virtual osteotomy. , 2000, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[31]  G. Santler,et al.  Stereolithography versus milled three-dimensional models: comparison of production method, indication, and accuracy. , 1998, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.

[32]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  New protocol for 1-stage treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis using surgical navigation. , 2007, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[33]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities. , 2007, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[34]  Jaime Gateno,et al.  Three-dimensional computer-aided surgical simulation for maxillofacial surgery. , 2005, Atlas of the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America.

[35]  E Keeve,et al.  Intraoperative navigation in the maxillofacial area based on 3D imaging obtained by a cone-beam device. , 2007, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[36]  Filip Schutyser,et al.  Three-dimensional cephalometry: spiral multi-slice vs cone-beam computed tomography. , 2006, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.