Non-Neutral Evolution

Recently, a number of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the early steps of glycolysis and its branches have been clonedfrom Drosophila melanogaster. In several labs, elected enzymes have undergone a systematic analysis of the levels of nucleotide sequence polymorphism and interspecific divergence. Specifically in this lab, the enzyme for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows a dramatic deviation from the neutral expectation when levels of synonymous polymorphism and divergence are contrasted with levels of amino acid polymorphism and divergence using D. simulans as a close relative. The analysis reflects a high rate of amino acid substitution relative to the level of amino acid polymorphism in the two species. The results for four other enzymes (GAPDH, GPDH, 6PGD, and PGI) either indicate little divergence in sequence, or patterns not significantly different from neutral expectation. The discord pattern for G6PD may arise because it regulates flux through the pentose shunt, making it a responsive target for natural selection. Preliminary data using D. yakuba G6PD sequence to establish the polarity of mutation events, suggests that the rates of amino acid and silent divergence are very different for the separate D. melanogaster and D. simulans lineages. Work is now underway in this lab to examine triosephosphate isomerase and aldolase as well.

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